Skip to main content

The Adjunctive Relationship Between Orthodontics and Periodontics

  • Chapter
  • 1662 Accesses

Abstract

Understanding the relationship between periodontics and orthodontics is an essential tool for the specialist in modern practice. The use of 3D imaging is important as a diagnostic tool in both entities and is an aid for accuracy in surgical interventions. The ability to locate a tooth by these means eliminates much of the guess work in approaching exposure of impactions and the capability to do so. Our ability to move teeth creates new avenues for bony augmentation and soft tissue positioning that would not otherwise be feasible. Both esthetics and function may be enhanced by the careful positioning or repositioning of teeth. These include natural or prosthetically restored dentitions. Through orthodontic means, surgically enhanced implant sites are more predictable and possibly less extensive in nature. Interceptive soft tissue grafting, when indicated, can either prevent or correct mucogingival problems that would otherwise compromise the prognosis of orthodontic outcomes. In addition, plastic procedures are available to allow teeth to be exposed that were inhibited because of hypertrophy, hyperplasia, or inadequate bracket positioning. By utilizing different described procedures, the orthodontist and periodontist may better treat and more simply achieve goals of a particular therapy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kokich V (2015) Adjunctive role of orthodontic therapy. In: Newman M, Takei H, Klokkeveld P, Carranza F (eds) Carranza’s clinical periodontology. Elsevier, St. Louis, MO, pp 542–543

    Google Scholar 

  2. Walker L, Enciso R, Mah J (2005) Three dimensional localization of maxillary canines with cone beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 128:418–423

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Clark CA (1909) A method of ascertaining the relative position of unerupted teeth by means of film radiographs. R Soc Med Trans 3:87–90

    Google Scholar 

  4. Fastlicht S (1954) Treatment of impacted canines. Am J Orthod 40:891–905

    Google Scholar 

  5. Erickson BE (1938) Impactions and pseudoimpactions. Am J Orthod Oral Surg 24:1019–1031

    Google Scholar 

  6. DeMunck J, Van Landuyt K et al (2005) A critical review of the durability of adhesion to tooth tissue: methods and results. J Dent Res 84:118–132

    Google Scholar 

  7. Richardson G, Russell KA (2000) A review of permanently impacted cuspids-diagnosis and prevention. J Can Dent Assoc 66:497–501

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Sherwood K (2013) Evidence based surgical management of impacted teeth. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 21:199–210

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Tong D (2017) Surgical management in dentistry: the interdisciplinary relationship between periodontology and oral and maxillofacial surgery. Periodontol 2000 74:168–175

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kokich VG (2004) Surgical and orthodontic management of impacted maxillary canines. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 126:278–283

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bishara SE (1992) Impacted maxillary canines: a review. Am J Orthod 101:159–171

    Google Scholar 

  12. Husain J, Burden, McSherry, Morris D, Allen M (2012) National clinical guidelines for the management of the palatally ectopic maxillary canine. Br Dent J 213:171–176

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Ong MA, Wang HL, Smith FN (1998) Interrelationship between periodontics and adult orthodontics. J Clin Periodontol 25(4):271–277

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Scheyer ET et al (2014) Generation of site-appropriate tissue by a living cellular sheet in the treatment of mucogingival defects. J Periodontol 85(4):e57–e64

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Kim DM, Neiva R (2015) Periodontal soft tissue non-root coverage procedures: a systematic review from the AAP regeneration workshop. J Periodontol 86(Suppl 2):S56–S72

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Hancock EB, Newell DH (2002) The role of periodontal maintenance in dental practice. J Indiana Dent Assoc 81(2):25–30

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Gkantidis N, Christou P, Topouzelis N (2010) The orthodontic-periodontic interrelationship in integrated treatment challenges: a systematic review. J Oral Rehabil 37(5):377–390

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Lindhe J, Svanberg G (1974) Influence of trauma from occlusion on progression of experimental periodontitis in the beagle dog. J Clin Periodontol 1(1):3–14

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Maynard JG Jr, Ochsenbein C (1975) Mucogingival problems, prevalence and therapy in children. J Periodontol 46(9):543–552

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Lang NP, Loe H (1972) The relationship between the width of keratinized gingiva and gingival health. J Periodontol 43(10):623–627

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Melsen B, Allais D (2005) Factors of importance for the development of dehiscences during labial movement of mandibular incisors: a retrospective study of adult orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 127(5):552–561; quiz 625

    Google Scholar 

  22. Wennstrom JL et al (1987) Some periodontal tissue reactions to orthodontic tooth movement in monkeys. J Clin Periodontol 14(3):121–129

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Steiner GG, Pearson JK, Ainamo J (1981) Changes of the marginal periodontium as a result of labial tooth movement in monkeys. J Periodontol 52(6):314–320

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Yared KF, Zenobio EG, Pacheco W (2006) Periodontal status of mandibular central incisors after orthodontic proclination in adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 130(1):6.e1–6.e8

    Google Scholar 

  25. Holmes HD, Tennant M, Goonewardene MS (2005) Augmentation of faciolingual gingival dimensions with free connective tissue grafts before labial orthodontic tooth movement: an experimental study with a canine model. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 127(5):562–572

    Google Scholar 

  26. Jones SP (1987) The use of an autogenous free gingival graft in the combined orthodontic and periodontal management of a buccally ectopic maxillary canine. Br J Orthod 14(3):155–160

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Matter J (1982) Free gingival grafts for the treatment of gingival recession. A review of some techniques. J Clin Periodontol 9(2):103–114

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Agudio G et al (2008) Free gingival grafts to increase keratinized tissue: a retrospective long-term evaluation (10 to 25 years) of outcomes. J Periodontol 79(4):587–594

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Pasquinelli K (2018) Treatment of deficient attached gingiva and recession: a primer. Compend Contin Educ Dent 39(1):36–41; quiz 42

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Lorenzo R et al (2012) Clinical efficacy of a xenogeneic collagen matrix in augmenting keratinized mucosa around implants: a randomized controlled prospective clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 23(3):316–324

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Sanz M et al (2009) Clinical evaluation of a new collagen matrix (Mucograft prototype) to enhance the width of keratinized tissue in patients with fixed prosthetic restorations: a randomized prospective clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 36(10):868–876

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Zucchelli G et al (2012) Combined orthodontic—mucogingival treatment of a deep post-orthodontic gingival recession. Eur J Esthet Dent 7(3):266–280

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Tanaka OM et al (2010) The effects of orthodontic movement on a subepithelial connective tissue graft in the treatment of gingival recession. J Contemp Dent Pract 11(6):E073–E079

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Rana TK et al (2014) Management of gingival recession associated with orthodontic treatment: a case report. J Clin Diagn Res 8(7):Zd05–Zd07

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Pini Prato G et al (1992) Guided tissue regeneration versus mucogingival surgery in the treatment of human buccal gingival recession. J Periodontol 63(11):919–928

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Yu SK et al (2014) Thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa with reference to autogenous grafting: a cadaveric and histologic study. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 34(1):115–121

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Sanz-Martin I et al (2018) Structural and histological differences between connective tissue grafts harvested from the lateral palatal mucosa or from the tuberosity area. Clin Oral Investig

    Google Scholar 

  38. Bertl K et al (2015) Relative composition of fibrous connective and fatty/glandular tissue in connective tissue grafts depends on the harvesting technique but not the donor site of the hard palate. J Periodontol 86(12):1331–1339

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Sculean A et al (2007) Emdogain in regenerative periodontal therapy. A review of the literature. Fogorv Sz 100(5):220–232, 211–219

    Google Scholar 

  40. Miron RJ et al (2016) Twenty years of enamel matrix derivative: the past, the present and the future. J Clin Periodontol 43(8):668–683

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Nyman S, Lindhe J, Karring T (1981) Healing following surgical treatment and root demineralization in monkeys with periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 8(3):249–258

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Haffajee A, Socransky S (1994) Microbiologic etiological agents of destructive periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 5:78–111

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Paoloantonio M, Girolamo G, Pedrazzoli V et al (1996) Occurrence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in patients wearing orthodontic appliances: a cross sectional study. J Clin Periodontol 23:112–118

    Google Scholar 

  44. Addy LD et al (2009) Orthodontic extrusion: an interdisciplinary approach to patient management. Dent Update 36(4):212–214, 217–218

    Google Scholar 

  45. Bach N, Baylard JF, Voyer R (2004) Orthodontic extrusion: periodontal considerations and applications. J Can Dent Assoc 70(11):775–780

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Sugii MM et al (2018) Extruded upper first molar intrusion: comparison between unilateral and bilateral miniscrew anchorage. Dental Press J Orthod 23(1):63–70

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Emerich-Poplatek K et al (2005) Forced eruption after crown/root fracture with a simple and aesthetic method using the fractured crown. Dent Traumatol 21(3):165–169

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Ji J et al (2007) [Bone density changes in the apical area after rapid orthodontic extrusion of subgingivally fractured tooth]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 42(10):601–604

    Google Scholar 

  49. Malmgren O, Malmgren B, Frykholm A (1991) Rapid orthodontic extrusion of crown root and cervical root fractured teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 7(2):49–54

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Ji J et al (2007) [Esthetics restoration after rapid orthodontic extrusion of subgingivally fractured incisor: a case report]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 25(2):206–207

    Google Scholar 

  51. Re JP, Orthlieb JD (2016) Rapid orthodontic extrusion of a subgingivally fractured incisor. J Prosthet Dent 116(3):464–466

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Milardovic Ortolan S et al (2012) Esthetic rehabilitation of complicated crown fractures utilizing rapid orthodontic extrusion and two different restoration modalities. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 5(1):64–67

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Kim SH et al (2011) Rapid orthodontic extrusion using an interocclusal appliance for the reestablishment of biologic width: a case report. Quintessence Int 42(3):201–204

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Blake M, Bibby K (1998) Retention and stability: a review of the literature. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 114(3):299–306

    Google Scholar 

  55. Brain WE (1969) The effect of surgical transsection of free gingival fibers on the regression of orthodontically rotated teeth in the dog. Am J Orthod 55(1):50–70

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Edwards JG (1988) A long-term prospective evaluation of the circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy in alleviating orthodontic relapse. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 93(5):380–387

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Schmerman .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schmerman, M., Obando, J. (2020). The Adjunctive Relationship Between Orthodontics and Periodontics. In: Nares, S. (eds) Advances in Periodontal Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12310-9_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12310-9_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-12309-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-12310-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics