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Quantification of Insulin Action in Human Subjects

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Translational Research Methods in Diabetes, Obesity, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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Abstract

Impaired insulin action is a characteristic metabolic defect of obesity, type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Reducing obesity through non-pharmacological or pharmacological interventions improves whole-body insulin sensitivity. Drugs that directly enhance insulin sensitivity, the biguanide metformin and the thiazolidinediones, have been widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Other glucose-lowering medications may improve cellular insulin action via indirect mechanisms. The development of new insulin-sensitizing drugs requires robust and reproducible measurement of insulin action in humans. The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique is widely regarded as the reference method for determining whole-body insulin sensitivity. Complementary techniques permit insulin action to be (a) partitioned between major organs and (b) broadened beyond glucose metabolism, e.g. to insulin lipid metabolism, vascular function.

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Krentz, A.J., Weyer, C., Hompesch, M. (2019). Quantification of Insulin Action in Human Subjects. In: Krentz, A., Weyer, C., Hompesch, M. (eds) Translational Research Methods in Diabetes, Obesity, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11748-1_1

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