Abstract
Research on pedestrian behavior requires empirical field studies. A number of methods for data acquisition are available. However, a low-budget approach that can be applied to measure pedestrian destination choice in large-scale uncontrolled field studies is still missing. The measurement of destination choice patterns is important for validating strategic models, which describe in which order pedestrians visit locations to perform activities. We propose a Raspberry Pi setup for WiFi-based tracking of pedestrians by their handhelds in an anonymized manner. The method is useful for recording the microscopic and macroscopic crowd dynamics of large-scale uncontrolled field studies, e.g., public events. Furthermore, we provide a concept for strategic model validation that is based on the measurements.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Biedermann, D.H., Kielar, P.M., Riedl, A.M., Borrmann, A.: Oppilatio+ - a data and cognitive science based approach to analyze pedestrian flows in networks. Collective Dynamics 1(0), 1–30 (2016)
Chattaraj, U., Seyfried, A., Chakroborty, P.: Comparison of pedestrian fundamental diagram across cultures. Adv. Complex Syst. 12(3), 393–405 (2009)
Daamen, W., Yuan, Y., Duives, D., Hoogendoorn, S.P.: Comparing three types of real-time data collection techniques: counting cameras, Wi-Fi sensors and GPS trackers. In: Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, pp. 568–574 (2016)
Danalet, A., Farooq, B., Bierlaire, M.: A Bayesian approach to detect pedestrian destination-sequences from WiFi signatures. Transp. Res. C Emerg. Technol. 44, 146–170 (2014)
Danalet, A., Tinguely, L., de Lapparent, M., Bierlaire, M.: Location choice with longitudinal WiFi data. J. Choice Model. 18, 1–17 (2016)
Dijkstra, J., Vries, B.D., Jessurun, J.: Wayfinding search strategies and matching familiarity in the built environment through virtual navigation. Transp. Res. Procedia 2, 141–148 (2014)
Friis, H.T.: A note on a simple transmission formula. Proc. IRE 34(5), 254–256 (1946)
Gärling, T.: Human information processing in sequential spatial choice. Wayfinding Behavior: Cognitive Mapping and other Spatial Processes pp. 81–98. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore (1999)
Helbing, D., Buzna, L., Johansson, A., Werner, T.: Self-organized pedestrian crowd dynamics: experiments, simulations, and design solutions. Transp. Sci. 39(1), 1–24 (2005)
Hoogendoorn, S.P., Bovy, P.H.L.: Pedestrian route-choice and activity scheduling theory and models. Transp. Res. B Methodol. 38(2), 169–190 (2004)
Kielar, P.M., Borrmann, A.: Coupling spatial task solving models to simulate complex pedestrian behavior patterns. In: Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (2016)
Kielar, P.M., Borrmann, A.: Modeling pedestrians’ interest in locations: a concept to improve simulations of pedestrian destination choice. Simul. Model. Pract. Theory 61, 47–62 (2016)
Liu, C., Wu, K., He, T.: Sensor localization with ring overlapping based on comparison of received signal strength indicator. In: IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems, 2004, pp. 516–518. IEEE, Piscataway (2004)
Rostek, M.: Evaluierung von messgeräten zur detektion von fußgängerströmen. Bachelor’s thesis, Technische Universität München (2017)
Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications. IEEE Std. 802.11 (2016)
Acknowledgements
We like to thank Antonin Danalet for discussions. Furthermore, the authors like to thank Daniel H. Biedermann and Micheal Rosteck for conducting the Christmas market field study. This work was partially supported by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) under the grant FKZ 13N12823, by the Czech Science Foundation under the grant GA15-15049S, and by Czech Technical University under the grant SGS15/214/ OHK4/3T/14.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kielar, P.M., Hrabák, P., Bukáček, M., Borrmann, A. (2019). Using Raspberry Pi for Measuring Pedestrian Visiting Patterns via WiFi-Signals in Uncontrolled Field Studies. In: Hamdar, S. (eds) Traffic and Granular Flow '17. TGF 2017. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11440-4_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11440-4_28
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11439-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-11440-4
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)