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Mitochondrial Heterogeneity in Stem Cells

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Stem Cells Heterogeneity - Novel Concepts

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1123))

Abstract

Mitochondria are customarily acknowledged as the powerhouse of the cell by virtue of their indispensable role in cellular energy production. In addition, it plays an important role in pluripotency, differentiation, and reprogramming. This review describes variation in the stem cells and their mitochondrial heterogeneity. The mitochondrial variation can be described in terms of structure, function, and subcellular distribution. The mitochondria cristae development status and their localization patterns determine the oxygen consumption rate and ATP production which is a central controller of stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Generally, stem cells show spherical, immature mitochondria with perinuclear distribution. Such mitochondria are metabolically less energetic and low polarized. Moreover, mostly glycolytic energy production is found in pluripotent stem cells with a variation in naïve stem cells which perform oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). This article also describes the structural and functional journey of mitochondria during development. Future insight into underlying mechanisms associated with such alternation in mitochondria of stem cells during embryonic stages could uncover mitochondrial adaptability on cellular demands. Moreover, investigating the importance of mitochondria in pluripotency maintenance might unravel the cause of mitochondrial diseases, aging, and regenerative therapies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India

    Prajna Paramita Naik, Prakash P. Praharaj, Chandra S. Bhol, Debasna P. Panigrahi, Kewal K. Mahapatra, Srimanta Patra, Sarbari Saha & Sujit K. Bhutia

  2. P.G. Department of Zoology, Vikram Deb (Auto) College, Jeypore, Odisha, India

    Prajna Paramita Naik

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  1. Prajna Paramita Naik
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  2. Prakash P. Praharaj
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Correspondence to Sujit K. Bhutia .

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  1. Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA

    Alexander Birbrair

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Naik, P.P. et al. (2019). Mitochondrial Heterogeneity in Stem Cells. In: Birbrair, A. (eds) Stem Cells Heterogeneity - Novel Concepts. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1123. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11096-3_11

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