Abstract
In this chapter, we focus on the intersection between demography and inequality. We start by providing a framework for studying the demography of inequality. How do the three components of population change, namely, fertility, mortality, and migration, and their effects on population growth and composition, influence patterns of income inequality? Next, we describe some of the key methodological issues and challenges in measuring inequality. The remaining sections of our chapter focus on patterns and trends in inequality globally and within the United States, and we also examine the social, economic, and demographic factors that contribute to, or are influenced by, those patterns and trends. We look specifically at the key patterns of inequality observed across different population subgroups and geographic areas. Finally, we touch briefly on the consequences of inequality, policy interventions that may address the persistent disparities between population subgroups, and future directions for research.
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Notes
- 1.
The OECD Gini coefficients include income from earnings, self-employment, and capital income, public cash transfers, income taxes, as well as deductions for social security contributions.
- 2.
PRB analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census and 2016 American Community Survey.
- 3.
PRB analysis of data from the U.S. Census Bureau, 2016 American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample.
- 4.
See Neckerman and Torche (2007) for a summary of research on the consequences of inequality.
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Mather, M., Jarosz, B. (2019). 11 Demography of Inequality. In: Poston, D.L. (eds) Handbook of Population. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10910-3_12
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