Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Endodontic Considerations in the Management of Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions

  • 1325 Accesses

Abstract

When presented with a patient with a gingival swelling and/or pain, the clinician will need to determine the etiology before a diagnosis and treatment can be rendered. Depending on the age of the patient and the condition of their dentition, this may be a challenge. Appropriate treatment depends on the clinician’s understanding of endodontic sensibility testing, endodontic pathogenesis, periodontal pathogenesis, and some basic dynamics of pulp biology. This chapter will review these topics with the aid of clinical cases, and discuss the endodontic considerations in the management of these types of endodontic-periodontal lesions. Sections on Endodontic Diagnosis, Understanding the Pulpodentinal Complex, and Pathogenesis of Pulp Necrosis will be presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Segura-Egea JJ, Castellanos-Cosano L, Machuca G, Lopez-Lopez J, Martin-Gonzalez J, Velasco-Ortega E, et al. Diabetes mellitus, periapical inflammation and endodontic treatment outcome. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2012;17(2):e356–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Arya S, Duhan J, Tewari S, Sangwan P, Ghalaut V, Aggarwal S. Healing of apical periodontitis after nonsurgical treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Endod. 2017;43:1623–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Virtanen E, Nurmi T, Soder PO, Airila-Mansson S, Soder B, Meurman JH. Apical periodontitis associates with cardiovascular diseases: a cross-sectional study from Sweden. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):107. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-017-0401-6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Pettiette MT, Zhong S, Moretti A, Khan AA. Potential correlation between statins and pulp chamber calcification. J Endod. 2013;39:1119–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Dolan JM, DeGraft-Johnson A, McDonald N, Ward BB, Phillips TJ, Munz SM. Maxillary and mandibular non-hodgkin lymphoma with concurrent periapical endodontic disease: diagnosis and management. J Endod. 2017;43:1744–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. DiAngelis A, Andreasen JO, Ebeleseder KA, Kenny DJ, Trope M, Sigurdsson A, Andersson L, Bourguignon C, Flores MT, Hicks ML, Lenzi AR, Malmgren B, Moule AJ, Pohl Y, Tsukiboshi M. International association of dental traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 1. Fractures and luxations of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28:2–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ruiz XF, Duran-Sindreu F, Shemesh H, Garcia Font M, Valles M, Roig Cayon M, Olivieri JG. Development of periapical lesions in endodontically treated teeth with and without periodontal involvement: a retrospective cohort study. J Endod. 2017;43(8):1246–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2017.03.037.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Jorgensen MG. Prevalence of amlodipine-related gingival hyperplasia. J Periodontal. 1997;68:676–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Brynolf I. Roentgenologic periapical diagnosis. IV. When is one roentgenogram not sufficient. Swed Dent J. 1970;63:415–23.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Patel S, Dawood A, Mannocci F, Wilson R, Pitt Ford T. Detection of periapical bone defects in human jaws using cone beam computed tomography and intraoral radiography. Int Endod J. 2009;42(6):507–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01538.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Patel S, Durack C, Abella F, Shemesh H, Roig M, Lemberg K. Cone beam computed tomography in endodontics - a review. Int Endod J. 2015;48(1):3–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.12270.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Nixdorf DR, Mann FE, Law AS, McGuire LA, Hodges JS, John MT. Frequency of nonodontogenic pain after endodontic therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod. 2010;36:1494–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Harrington GW. The perio-endo question: differential diagnosis. Dent Clin N Am. 1979;23(4):673–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen E, Abbott PV. Dental pulp testing: a review. Int J Dent. 2009;2009:365785.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Pihlstrom B. Periodontal risk assessment, diagnosis and treatment planning. Periodontology. 2000;25:37–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Petersson K, Söderström C, Kiani-Anaraki M, Levy G. Evaluation of the ability of thermal and electrical tests to register pulp vitality. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1999;15:127–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Weisleder R, Yamauchi S, Caplan DJ, Trope M, Teixeira FB. The validity of pulp testing: a clinical study. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009;140:1013–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Seltzer SM, Bender I, Zionitz M. The dynamics of pulp inflammation: correlations between diagnostic data and actual histologic findings in the pulp. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1963;16:846–977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ricucci D, Loghin S, Siqueira JF Jr. Correlation between clinical and histologic pulp diagnoses. J Endod. 2014;40:1932–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Ten Cate A. Oral histology: development, structure, and function. 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Pashley DH. The influence of dentin permeability and pulpal blood flow on pulpal solute concentrations. J Endod. 1979;5:355–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Bernick S, Nedelman C. Effect of aging on the human pulp. J Endod. 1975;1(3):88–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0099-2399(75)80024-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Van Hassel HJ. Physiology of the human dental pulp. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1971;32:126–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Bergenholtz G. Inflammatory responses of the dental pulp to bacterial irritation. J Endod. 1981;7:100–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Czarnecki RT, Schilder H. A histological evaluation of the human pulp in teeth with varing degrees of periodontal disease. J Endod. 1979;5(8):242–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Terlemez A, Alan R, Gezhin O. Evaluation of the periodontal disease effect on pulp volume. J Endod. 2018;44:111–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Caviedes-Bucheli J, Gomez-Susa JF, et al. Angiogenic mechanisms of human dental pulp and their relationship with substance P expression in response to occlusal trauma. Int Endod J. 2017;50:339–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Won J, Vang H, Kim JH, Lee PR, Kang Y, Oh SB. TRPM7 mediates mechanosensitivity in adult rat odontoblasts. J Dent Res. 2018; https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034518459947.

  29. Kakehashi S, Stanley HR, Fitzgerald RJ. The effects of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1965;20:340–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Moller A, Fabricius L, Dahlen G, Ohman AE, Heyden G. Influence on periapical tissues of indigenous oral bacteria and necrotic pulp tissue in monkeys. Eur J Oral Sci. 1981;89:475–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Rubach WC, Mitchell D. Periodontal disease, accessory canals and pulp pathosis. Periodontol. 1965;36:34–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Mjor I. Dentin permeability: the basis for understanding pulp reactions and adhesive technology. Braz Dent J. 2009;20(1):3–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Smith AJ, Cassidy N, Perry H, Begue-Kirn C, Ruch JV, Lesot H. Reactionary dentinogenesis. Int J Dev Biol. 1995;39:273–80.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. D'Souza RN, Bachman T, Baumgardner KR, Butler WT, Litz M. Characterization of cellular responses involved in reparative dentinogenesis in rat molars. J Dent Res. 1995;74(2):702–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Langeland K, Rodrigues H, Dowden W. Periodontal disease, bacteria, and pulpal histopathology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1974;37:257–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Gutmann JL. Prevalence, location, and patency of accessory canals. J Periodontol. 1978;49(1):21–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Simon JHS, Glick D, Frank AL. The relationship of endodontic-periodontic lesions. J Periodontol. 1972;43(4):202–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Glickman I. Glickman's Clinical Periodontology. Philadelphia: WB Sounders Co; 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Nair PNR, Sjögren U, Figdor D, Sundqvist G. Persistent periapical radiolucencies of root-filled human teeth, failed endodontic treatments, and periapical scars. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;87:617–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Mente J, Hage N, Pfefferle T, Coch MJ, Geletneky B, Dreyhaupt J, Martin N, Staehle HJ. Treatment outcome of mineral trioxide aggregate: repair of root perforations. J Endod. 2010;36:208–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Torabinejad M, Parirokh M. Mineral trioxide aggregate: a comprehensive literature review—part ii: leakage and biocompatibility investigations. J Endod. 2010;36(2):190–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Haapasalo M, Shen Y, Ricucci D. Reasons for persistent and emerging post-treatment endodontic disease. Endod Top. 2011;18(1):31–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Setzer FC, Shah S, Kohli MR, Karabucak B, Kim S. Outcome of endodontic surgery: a meta-analysis of the literature—part 1: comparison of traditional root-end surgery and endodontic microsurgery. J Endod. 2010;36:1157–765.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Tsesis I, Rosen E, Schwartz-Arad D, Fuss Z. Retrospective evaluation of surgical endodontic treatment: traditional versus modern technique. J Endod. 2006;32:412–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Song M, Shin S, Kim E. Outcomes of endodontic micro-resurgery: a prospective clinical study. J Endod. 2011;37:316–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Ng YL, Mann V, Rahbaran S, Lewsey J, Gulabivala K. Outcome of primary root canal treatment systematic review of the literature part 2: influence of clinical factors. Int Endod J. 2008;41:6–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Nair P. Pathogenesis of apical periodontitis and the causes of endodontic failures. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2004;15:348–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Domark JD, Hatton JF, Benison RP, Hildebolt CF. An ex vivo comparison of digital radiography and cone-beam and micro computed tomography in the detection of the number of canals in the mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars. J Endod. 2013;39(7):901–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Todd R. Cone beam computed tomography updated technology for endodontic diagnosis. Dent Clin N Am. 2014;58:523–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Kulild JC, Peters D. Incidence and configuration of canal systems in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary first and second molars. J Endod. 1990;16(7):311–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Stropko J. Canal morphology of maxillary molars: clinical observations of canal configurations. J Endod. 1999;25(6):446–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Artzi Z, Wasersprung N, Weinreb M, Steigmann M, Prasad HS, Tsesis I. Effect of guided tissue regeneration on newly formed bone and cementum in periapical tissue healing after endodontic surgery: an in vivo study in the cat. J Endod. 2012;38:163–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Tsesis I, Rosen E, Tamse A, Taschieri S, Del Fabbro M. Effect of guided tissue regeneration on the outcome of surgical endodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod. 2011;37:1039–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. von Arx T, Cochran D. Rationale for the application of the GTR principle using a barrier membrane in endodontic surgery: a proposal of classification and literature review. Int J of Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2001;21(2):127–39.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Cambruzzi JV, Marshall FJ, Pappin JB. Methylene blue dye: an aid to endodontic surgery. J Endod. 1985;11(7):311–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Kim S, S K. Modern endodontic surgery concepts and practice: a review. J Endod. 2006;32(7):601–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Aichelmann-Reidy ME, Heath CD, Reynolds MA. Clinical evaluation of calcium sulfate in combination with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft for the treatment of human intraosseous defects. J Periodontal. 2004;75:340–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Taschieri S, Del Fabbro M, Testori T, Saita M, Weinstein R. Efficacy of guided tissue regeneration in the management of through-and-through lesions following surgical endodontics: a preliminary study. Int J of Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2008;28(3):264–71.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Lertchirakarn V, Palamara J, Messer HH. Load and strain during lateral condensation and vertical root fracture. J Endod. 1999;25:99–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Rundquist BD, Versluis A. How does canal taper affect root stresses? Int Endod J. 2006;39:226–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Rosen E, Beitlitum I, Tamse A, Taschieri S, Tsesis I. Implant-associated vertical root fracture in adjacent endodontically treated teeth: a case series and systematic review. J Endod. 2016;42:948–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Fickl S, Zuhr O, Wachtel H, Bolz W, Huerzeler M. Tissue alterations after tooth extraction with and without surgical trauma: a volumetric study in the beagle dog. J Clin Periodontol. 2008;35:356–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Tsesis I, Rosen E, Tamse A, Taschieri S, Kfir A. Diagnosis of vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth based on clinical and radiographic indices: a systematic review. J Endod. 2010;36:1455–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Haapasalo H, Endal U. Internal inflammatory root resorption: the unknown resorption of the tooth. Endod Top. 2008;14:60–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Gartner AH, Mack T, Somerlott RG, Walsh LC. Differential diagnosis of internal and external root resorption. J Endod. 1976;2:329–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Heithersay G. Clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features of invasive cervical resorption. Quintessence Int. 1999a;30:27–37.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Heithersay G. Invasive cervical resorption: an analysis of potential predisposing factors. Quintessence Int. 1999b;30:83–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Goodell KB, Mines P, Kersten DD. Impact of cone-beam computed tomography on treatment planning for external cervical resorption and a novel axial slice-based classification system. J Endod. 2018;44:239–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Mavridou AM, Hauben E, Wevers M, Schepers E, Bergmans L, Lambrechts P. Understanding external cervical resorption in vital teeth. J Endod. 2016;42:1737–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Simon JHS, Glick D, Frank AL. Incidence of periapical cysts in relation to the root canal. J Endod. 1980;6(11):845–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Freedland J. Conservative reduction of large periapical lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1970;29:455–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Neaverth EJ, Burg H. Decompression of large periapical cystic lesions. J Endod. 1982;8(4):175–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Becker B. Intentional replantation techniques: a critical review. J Endod. 2018;44:14–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Mainkar A. A Systematic review of the survival of teeth intentionally replanted with a modern technique and cost-effectiveness compared with single-tooth implants. J Endod. 2017;43:1963–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Grossman L. Intentional replantation of teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 1966;72:577–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Grzanich D, Rizzo G, Silva RM. Saving natural teeth: intentional replantation-protocol and case series. J Endod. 2017;43:2119–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Lee KW, Lee E, Poon KY. Palato-gingival grooves in maxillary incisors: a possible predisposing factor to localised periodontal disease. Br Dent J. 1968;124(1):14–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Benenati F. Maxillary second molar with two palatal canals and a palatogingival groove. J Endod. 1985;11:308–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Simon JHS, Dogan H, Ceresa LM, Silver GK. The radicular groove: its potential clinical significance. J Endod. 2000;26(5):295–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Lara VS, Consolaro A, Bruce RS. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the palato-gingival groove. J Endod. 2000;26(6):345–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Everett FG, Kramer G. The disto-lingual groove in the maxillary lateral incisor; a periodontal hazard. J Periodontal. 1972;43(6):352–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Goon WWY, Carpenter W, Brace NM, Ahlfeld RJ. Complex facial radicular groove in a maxillary lateral incisor. J Endod. 1991;17(5):244–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Schwartz SA, Koch M, Eeas DE, Powell CA. Combined endodontic-periodontic treatment of a palatal groove: a case report. J Endod. 2006;32:573–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Tan X, Zhang L, Zhou W, Li Y, Ning J, Chen X, Song D, Zhou X, Huang D. Palatal radicular groove morphology of the maxillary incisors: a case series report. J Endod. 2017;43:827–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Simon JHS, Chimenti R, Mintz GA. Clinical significance of the pulse granuloma. J Endod. 1982;8:116–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Head M. Foreign body reaction to the inhalation of lentil soup. Giant cell pneumonia. J Clin Pathol. 1956;9:295–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Sherman FE, Moran T. Granulomas of the stomach. Response to injury of muscle and fibrosis tissue of wall of human stomach. Am J Clin Pathol. 1954;24:415–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Ishikawa I, Oda S, Hayashi J, Arakawa S. Cervical cemental tears in older patients with adult periodontitis: case reports. J Periodontal. 1996;67(1):15–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Leknes KN, Lie T, Selvig KA. Cemental tear: a risk factor in periodontal attachment loss. J Periodontal. 1996;67(6):583–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Lin HJ, Chan C, Yang CY, et al. Cemental tear: clinical characteristics and its predisposing factors. J Endod. 2011;37:611–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Harrel S. Treatment of Periodontal Destruction Associated With a Cemental Tear Using Minimally Invasive Surgery. J Periodontal. 2000;71(11):1761–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Tulkki MJ, Baisden M, McClanahan SB. Cemental tear: a case report of a rare root fracture. J Endod. 2006;32:1005–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Andreasen F. Transient apical breakdown and its relation to color and sensibility changes after luxation injuries to teeth. Dent Traumatol. 1986;2(1):9–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Andreasen FM, Kahler B. Pulpal response after acute dental injury in the permanent dentition: clinical implications-a review. J Endod. 2015;41:299–308.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Gonzalez O, Vera J, Orozco MS, Mancera JT, Gonzalez KV, Malagon GV. Transient apical breakdown and its relationship with orthodontic forces: a case report. J Endod. 2014;40:1265–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Su L, Weathers D, Waldron CA. Distinguishing features of focal cemento-osseous dysplasias and cemento-ossifying fibromas. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;84(3):301–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. MacDonald-Jankowski D. Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: a systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2003;32(3):141–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Bencharit S, Schardt-Sacco D, Zuniga JR. Surgical and prosthodontic rehabilitation for a patient with aggressive florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent. 2003;90:220–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Tonioli MB, Schindler W. Treatment of a maxillary molar in a patient presenting with florid cemento-osseous dysplasia. J Endod. 2004;30:665–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endodontics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, USA

    Kenneth J. Frick

  2. Department of Endodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eyal Rosen & Igor Tsesis

Authors
  1. Kenneth J. Frick
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Eyal Rosen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Igor Tsesis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kenneth J. Frick .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Igor Tsesis

  2. Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Carlos E. Nemcovsky

  3. Department of Oral- Rehabilitation, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Joseph Nissan

  4. Department of Endodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Eyal Rosen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Frick, K.J., Rosen, E., Tsesis, I. (2019). Endodontic Considerations in the Management of Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions. In: Tsesis, I., Nemcovsky, C., Nissan, J., Rosen, E. (eds) Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10725-3_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10725-3_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-10724-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-10725-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation