Abstract
The military coup of 1964 installed a dictatorship that lasted more than 20 years and completely changed the interests of Social Sciences and its courses. In 1968, universities’ professors and students submitted to the Congress an ante project to reform the cathedratic system. The cobbled project disembogued a law that created new departments, new faculty arrangements and guaranteed lifetime positions for all professors. In 1968, the dictatorship became more violent, and many sociologists and professors were bulk purged. They handled the situation by finding new ways to keep Social Sciences active. Brazilian and foreign funding agencies guaranteed the creation of independent research institutes and individual grants. Other exiled sociologists integrated studies on Latin America issues outside the country.
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Notes
- 1.
A communist movement in 1935, acting against the authoritarian government of Getúlio Vargas.
- 2.
Brazilian authoritarianism represented a kind of capitalist development which excludes the masses and does not attend to social development, being exclusively focused on economic development.
- 3.
Military Police Inquiry is a set of investigations into a supposed military crime and its authorship. It has the character of provisional instruction in order to provide elements for the initiation of criminal proceedings.
- 4.
During the 1960s, some intellectuals, mainly sociologists organized a series of seminars called “Capital,” in which they explored the Marxist tradition.
- 5.
See, for instance Albert Hirschman, The Strategy of Economic Development, 1958) and William Arthur Lewis, The Theory of Economic Growth, 1955, as developmental ideas proponents who influenced Latin America intellectuals.
- 6.
In the Brazilian context, CEPAL, together with ISEB and, despite its programmatic oscillations, the Brazilian Communist Party, PCB, helped to forge and spread the national-development movement.
- 7.
See for instance the sociologist Brasilio Sallum Jr.’s assessment of Cardoso and Faletto’s book: “Even if politics is at the center of Dependency and Development, it is understood quite narrowly… [T]he rules and political–institutional cleavages that shape the participation of the different social segments in the political struggle are scarcely mentioned in the book … [T]he analysis that is done there of the symbolic forms that ‘weld’ each system of alliances, or even, that guide the fight of the collective actors is very insufficient and unsystematic. These symbolic forms appear in the ad hoc form…” (Sallum Jr., 2002, p. 85).
- 8.
As expressed by Oliveira Viana before the 1930s.
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Domingos Cordeiro, V., Neri, H. (2019). 1964–1985: The Dictatorship and the Jeopardizing Social Sciences. In: Sociology in Brazil. Sociology Transformed. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10439-9_5
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