Abstract
For over a hundred years, comics is presented on paper-based carriers such as magazines and books. With the development of new technologies, the comics industry has the opportunity to embrace a new carrier—the digital environment in electronic devices. However, due to the difference of the carrier, there exist differences between d-Comics (digital comics) and printed comics. One main difference is how the carrier creates segmentation of a sequence of comic panels: the segmentation created by paper is static and exclusive, while the segmentation created by screen-based electronic device may not be static nor exclusive because the same comics can be accessed through electronic devices with different screen sizes. This article describes an online experiment conducted to investigate how panel sequences are segmented in d-Comics. By analyzing the collected data from 80 participants with 4 panel sequences, two types of segmentation of panels in d-Comics were identified and discussed. This finding will further contribute to the design of d-Comics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
This article considers comics as one type of the storytelling medium, therefore addresses comics normally with a singular form.
- 2.
The images and numbers of the panels and gaps can be found on this website: http://xinweicomics.com/phd_thesis/panel_numbers.html.
References
Eisner, W.: Comics and Sequential Art. W. W. Norton & Company lnc, New York (2008)
McCloud, S.: Understanding Comics. William Morrow Paperbacks, New York (1993)
Garrity, S.: The History of Webcomics The Comics Journal 2011. http://www.tcj.com/the-history-of-webcomics/. Accessed 01 July 2017
Association All Japan Magazine and Book Publisher’s and Editor’s, “紙&電子コミック市場2016,” 2017. http://www.ajpea.or.jp/information/20170224/index.html. Accessed 22 July 2017
Li, L., Wang, Y., Tang, Z., Gao, L.: Automatic comic page segmentation based on polygon detection. Multimed. Tools Appl. 69(1), 171–197 (2014)
Stommel, M., Merhej, L.I., Müller, M.G.: Segmentation-free detection of comic panels. In: Bolc, L., Tadeusiewicz, R., Chmielewski, Leszek J., Wojciechowski, K. (eds.) ICCVG 2012. LNCS, vol. 7594, pp. 633–640. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33564-8_76
Yamada, M., Budiarto, R., Mamoru, E., Miyazaki, S.: Comic image decomposition for reading comics on cellular phones. IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. 87(6), 1370–1376 (2004)
Steinberger, D., Najmabadi, C.: Presenting panels and sub-panels of a document. US9886936B2 (2018)
comiXology: What is comiXology’s Guided View technology? (2014). https://support.comixology.com/customer/portal/articles/768035-what-is-comixology-s-guided-viewTM-technology. Accessed 22 July 2017
Groensteen, T., Beaty, B., Nguyen, N.: The system of comics. University Press of Mississippi, Mississippi (2007)
Goodbrey, D.M.: Digital comics–new tools and tropes. Stud. Comics 4(1), 185–197 (2013)
McCloud, S.: Reinventing Comics: How Imagination and Technology Are Revolutionizing an Art Form, vol. 118. Perennial, New York (2000)
Zacks, J.M., Speer, N.K., Reynolds, J.R.: Segmentation in reading and film comprehension. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 138(2), 307 (2009)
Than, G.A.: Zen Pencils (2012). http://zenpencils.com/. Accessed 01 Sept 2015
Than, G.A.: The Lucky Ones (2012). https://zenpencils.com/comic/81-richard-dawkins-the-lucky-ones/. Accessed 01 Jan 2015
Than, G.A.: In Spite of Everything (2013). https://zenpencils.com/comic/113-vincent-van-gogh-in-spite-of-everything/. Accessed 01 Jan 2015
Than, G.A.: Because It’s There (2014). https://zenpencils.com/comic/mallory/. Accessed 01 Jan 2015
Than, G.A.: Ithaka (2013). https://zenpencils.com/comic/131-c-p-cavafy-ithaka/. Accessed 01 Jan 2015
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Mr. Gavin Aung Than for kindly giving permission to use his comics for the purpose of this research, and the participants for joining the online experiment. This research is supported by the Chinese Scholarship Council.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering
About this paper
Cite this paper
Wang, X., Hu, J., Hengeveld, B., Rauterberg, M. (2019). Segmentation of Panels in d-Comics. In: Brooks, A., Brooks, E., Sylla, C. (eds) Interactivity, Game Creation, Design, Learning, and Innovation. ArtsIT DLI 2018 2018. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 265. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06134-0_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06134-0_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-06133-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-06134-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)