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Pathogenesis of Fungal Infections

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Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System

Abstract

Invasive fungal infections can cause significant morbidity and mortality as they are more difficult to treat. Understanding of the pathogenesis of fungal infections can aid in the prevention and management of the disease. Over a period of time, human beings have become a substrate for fungi. Apart from dysfunctional immune system of host, fungi are capable of tolerating high temperature and invading the human host tissue barrier to parasitize humans. Various immunoregulatory mechanisms determine the outcome of exposure to fungal pathogens. The following discussion intends to highlight the pathogenesis of fungal infections with special reference to central nervous system in humans.

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Abbreviations

ALS proteins:

Agglutinin-like sequence proteins

CARD 9:

Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9

CD:

Cluster of differentiation

CLR:

C-type lectin receptors

CNS:

Central nervous system

CR:

Complement receptor

CTLA-4:

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4

DC:

Dendritic cell

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

EC:

Epithelial cell

EPA:

Epithelial adhesin gene

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

Hsp:

Heat shock protein

HYR:

Hyphally regulated protein gene

IFN:

Interferons

IL:

Interleukin

IRIS:

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

MR:

Mannose receptors

NK:

Natural killer

PAMP:

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns

PD-1:

Programmed cell death protein-1

PRR:

Pattern recognition receptors

ROI:

Reactive oxygen intermediates

Saps:

Secreted aspartyl proteinases

Th:

Thymus helper

TLO:

Telomere-associated gene

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor α

Treg cells:

Regulatory T cells

YWP:

Yeast-form wall protein

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Medical college and Research Institute, Puducherry, India

    Chandrasekhar Srinivasamurthy Banushree

  2. Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India

    Neriyana Sannappa Madhusudhan

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  1. Chandrasekhar Srinivasamurthy Banushree
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  2. Neriyana Sannappa Madhusudhan
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey

    Mehmet Turgut

  2. Department of Pathology, Basavatarakam Indo-American Hospital & Research Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Sundaram Challa

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Avicenne Military Hospital, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Marrakech, Morocco

    Ali Akhaddar

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Banushree, C.S., Madhusudhan, N.S. (2019). Pathogenesis of Fungal Infections. In: Turgut, M., Challa, S., Akhaddar, A. (eds) Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06088-6_4

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