Abstract
This chapter reports research on Grade 2–5 children learning to be literate in Punjabi, Hindi and English. Children (80–100 per grade) were assessed on reading comprehension, listening comprehension, non-word reading ability, phonological processing, orthographic knowledge and speed of processing in all three languages. The focus was on predictors of reading in the two akshara orthographies (Punjabi and Hindi) and the one alphabetic orthography (English). For both Punjabi and Hindi, reading comprehension was predicted by listening comprehension and decoding ability. Orthographic knowledge also predicted reading comprehension after controlling for word recognition. In English, along with listening comprehension and decoding, rapid naming and orthographic knowledge were also independent predictor of reading comprehension. Findings will be considered in terms of the development of reading across different orthographies (akshara versus alphabetic) within children learning to be literate in multiple languages.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agnihotri, R. K. (2013). Hindi: An essential grammar. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Bérubé, D., & Marinova-Todd, S. H. (2012). The development of language and reading skills in the second and third languages of multilingual children in French Immersion. International Journal of Multilingualism, 9(3), 272–293.
Bhatia, T. K. (1994). Punjabi: A cognitive-descriptive grammar. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Bhatia, T. K. (2015). Colloquial Hindi: The complete course for beginners (2nd ed.). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
Bialystok, E., McBride-Chang, C., & Luk, G. (2005). Bilingualism, language proficiency, and learning to read in two writing systems. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97(4), 580–590.
Bowden, A. L. (2012). Punjabi Tonemics and the Gurmukhi script: A preliminary study. MA thesis, Brigham Young University, USA.
Campbell, G.L. (1995). Concise compendium of the world’s languages. Abingdon, UK: Routledge
Daniels, P. T., & Bright, W. (1996). The world’s writing systems. New York: Oxford University Press.
Denckla, M. B., & Rudel, R. G. (1976). Rapid automatized naming (RAN): Dyslexia differentiated from other learning-disabilities. Neuropsychologia, 14(4), 471–479.
Elbeheri, G., Everatt, J., Mahfoudhi, A., Al-Diyar, M. A., & Taibah, N. (2011). Orthographic processing and reading comprehension among Arabic speaking mainstream and LD children. Dyslexia, 17(3), 123–142.
Gautam, S. (2017). Predictors of Punjabi, Hindi and English reading comprehension among multilingual children in the Punjab region of India. PhD thesis. University of Canterbury, New Zealand.
Georgiou, G. K., Papadopoulos, T. C., Fella, A., & Parrila, R. (2012). Rapid naming speed components and reading development in a consistent orthography. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 112(1), 1–17.
Gill, H. S., & Gleason, H. A. (1969). A reference grammar of Punjabi. Patiala, India: Department of Linguistics, Punjabi University.
Gough, P. B., & Tunmer, W. E. (1986). Decoding, reading, and reading disability. Remedial and Special Education, 7(1), 6–10.
Gupta, A. (2004). Reading difficulties of Hindi-speaking children with developmental dyslexia. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 17(1–2), 79–99.
Gupta, A., & Jamal, G. (2007). Reading strategies of bilingual normally progressing and dyslexic readers in Hindi and English. Applied Psycholinguistics, 28(1), 47–68.
Hoover, W. A., & Gough, P. B. (1990). The simple view of reading. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2(2), 127–160.
Hornberger, N., & Vaish, V. (2009). Multilingual language policy and school linguistic practice: globalization and English language teaching in India, Singapore and South Africa. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 39(3), 305–320.
Joshi, R. M., & Aaron, P. G. (2000). The component model of reading: Simple view of reading made a little more complex. Reading Psychology, 21(2), 85–97.
Joshi, R. M., Tao, S., Aaron, P. G., & Quiroz, B. (2012). Cognitive component of componential model of reading applied to different orthographies. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 45(5), 480–486.
Koda, K. (2007). Reading and language learning: Crosslinguistic constraints on second language reading development. Language Learning 57, 1–44.
Koul, O. N. (2005). Language, education and communication. Delhi, India: Indian Institute of Language Studies.
Koul, O. N. (2009). Modern Hindi grammar. Delhi, India: Indian Institute of Language Studies.
Malik, A. N. (1995). The phonology and morphology of Panjabi. New Delhi, India: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.
Mann, G. S. (2011). An introduction to Punjabi: Grammar, conversation and literature. Patiala, India: Punjabi University.
Meganathan, R. (2011). Language policy in education and the role of English in India: From library language to language of empowerment. In H. Coleman (Ed.), Dreams and realities: Developing countries and the English language. London: British Council.
Melby-Lervåg, M., & Lervåg, A. (2011). Cross-linguistic transfer of oral language, decoding, phonological awareness and reading comprehension: A meta-analysis of the correlational evidence. Journal of Research in Reading, 34(1), 114–135.
Mohanty, A. K. (2010). Languages, inequality and marginalization: Implications of the double divide in Indian multilingualism. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 205, 131–154.
Neale, M. D. (1999). Neale analysis of reading ability (3rd ed.). Camberwell, Australia: Australian Council for Educational Research.
Nigam, R. C., & Sen, S. (1975). Grammatical sketches of Indian languages with comparative vocabulary and texts. Delhi, India: National Government Publications.
Pandey, P. (2007). Phonology-orthography interface in Devanāgarī for Hindi. Written Language and Literacy, 10(2), 139–156.
Pasquarella, A., Chen, X., Gottardo, A., & Geva, E. (2015). Cross-language transfer of word reading accuracy and word reading fluency in Spanish-English and Chinese-English bilinguals: Script-universal and script-specific processes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 107(1), 96–110.
Sadeghi, A., & Everatt, J. (2015). Influence of language background on English reading comprehension skills: Cross-language transfer effects. In L. T. Wong & A. Dubey-Jhaveri (Eds.), English language education in a global world: Practices, issues and challenges (pp. 69–80). New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Sadeghi, A., Everatt, J., & McNeill, B. (2016). A simple model of Persian reading. Writing Systems Research, 8(1), 44–63.
Sadeghi, A., Everatt, J., McNeill, B., & Rezaei, A. (2014). Text processing in English-Persian bilingual children: A bilingual view on the Simple Model of Reading. Educational and Child Psychology, 31(2), 45–56.
Semel, E., Wiig, E. H., & Secord, W. A. (2006). Clinical evaluation of language fundamentals (4th ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Share, D. L. (2008). On the Anglocentricities of current reading research and practice: The perils of overreliance on an ‘outlier’ orthography. Psychological Bulletin, 134(4), 584–615.
Singh, P. (2010). Sidhantik Bhasha Vigyan. Patila, India: Madaan Publications.
Singh, P., & Lehal, G. S. (2010). Corpus based statistical analysis of Punjabi syllables for preparation of Punjabi speech database. International Journal of Intelligent Computing Research, 1(3), 2042–4655.
Sparks, R. L., Patton, J., Ganschow, L., & Humbach, N. (2012). Do L1 reading achievement and L1 print exposure contribute to the prediction of L2 proficiency? Language Learning, 62(2), 473–505.
Torppa, M., Poikkeus, A., Laakso, M., Eklund, K., & Lyytinen, H. (2006). Predicting delayed letter knowledge development and its relation to Grade 1 reading achievement among children with and without familial risk for dyslexia. Developmental Psychology, 42(6), 1128–1142.
Tunmer, W. E., & Chapman, J. W. (2012). The simple view of reading redux: Vocabulary knowledge and the independent components hypothesis. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 45(5), 453–466.
Vaid, J., & Gupta, A. (2002). Exploring word recognition in a semi-alphabetic script: The case of Devanagari. Brain and Language, 81(1–3), 679–690.
Woodcock, R. W., McGrew, K. S., & Mather, N. (2001). Woodcock-Johnson III. Rolling Meadows, IL: Riverside.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gautam, S., Everatt, J., Sadeghi, A., McNeill, B. (2019). Multiliteracy in Akshara and Alphabetic Orthographies: The Case of Punjabi, Hindi and English Learners in Primary Schools in Punjab. In: Joshi, R.M., McBride, C. (eds) Handbook of Literacy in Akshara Orthography. Literacy Studies, vol 17. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05977-4_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05977-4_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-05976-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-05977-4
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)