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Borders, (Protected Area) Tourism and Prejudices: Theoretical and Conceptual Insights

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Cross-Border Tourism in Protected Areas

Part of the book series: Geographies of Tourism and Global Change ((GTGC))

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Abstract

This chapter provides the theoretical and conceptual background of the book by presenting the state of research on borders and tourism and, especially, the factors that influence cross-border tourism . The chapter brings together established concepts of political geography , border studies , borders and tourism, and protected area tourism . Our literature review reveals, first, that tourism has not played an important role in border studies and, second, that our core research question is one that has not yet been adequately dealt with; that is, how do borders and related barriers influence visitation to protected areas located along, or near, borders? The chapter also contributes to the emerging topic of geographies of prejudice, which has not widely addressed issues related to tourism and recreation so far.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Redepenning (2018) links this notion to modern systems theory in the Luhmann tradition (1997) and to the classic sociologist Simmel (1908).

  2. 2.

    “Ordnungsfunktion” in German.

  3. 3.

    “Boundaries are expressions of power relations. As institutions, they embody implicit or explicit norms and values and legal and moral codes. They are hence constitutive of social action and may be both obstacles and sources of motivation.” (Paasi, 1999, p. 82).

  4. 4.

    See also Scherhag (2008) for an overview of research on European border regions.

  5. 5.

    Więckowski (2010) also mentions Christaller’s (1955, 1964) classic work on the attractiveness of peripheries for tourism development as an early precursor of research on tourism and borders.

  6. 6.

    International tourism between Poland or Germany and Spain would be an example, because no common borders exist.

  7. 7.

    “Grenzgänge” in German.

  8. 8.

    “The crossing of any border speaks to the experiential side of tourism and the idea of leaving your daily routine and territory” (Diener & Hagen, 2012, p. 98).

  9. 9.

    Di Matteo (1999) shows the influence of exchange rates on same-day cross-border visits between Canada and the USA.

  10. 10.

    “Tourism … can abolish myths and stereotypes and lower language and other cultural barriers.” (Więckowski, 2018a, p. 182). “Communication … and openness are the best medicine against old stereotypes.” (Kolosov & Więckowski, 2018, p. 12).

  11. 11.

    Another theoretical explanation for the not ideal contact conditions between hosts and tourists is social exchange theory, which underlines the economic asymmetry of tourist-resident barters (Ap, 1992).

  12. 12.

    IAPA are defined by Zbicz (1999) as spatially adjacent but administratively separate. Coordinated management activities could occur within and among these reserves, but not necessarily (Zbicz, 2003).

  13. 13.

    “Yet even the most rigid of borders are regularly traversed by seasonal migrations of animals or by seeds and insects dispersed through wind and water. As a result, states increasingly recognize the advantages of cooperative efforts for environmental stewardship.” (Diener & Hagen, 2012, p. 112).

  14. 14.

    Sandwith et al. (2001, p. 3) define “Transboundary Protected Area” (TBPA) as “an area of land and/or sea that straddles one or more boundaries between states, sub-national units such as provinces and regions, autonomous areas and/or areas beyond the limits of national sovereignty or jurisdiction, whose constituent parts are especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity , and of natural and associated cultural resources , and managed co-operatively through legal or other effective means.”

  15. 15.

    National Parks in the Karkonosze, Tatra, Bieszczady and Pieniny Mountains on the border with Slovakia, as well as the Białowieża National Park on the border with Belarus.

  16. 16.

    Scherfose (2015) sums up the pros and cons of transboundary conservation .

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geography and Geology, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

    Marius Mayer & Johanna Gernert

  2. Department of System Analysis and Finance, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland

    Wojciech Zbaraszewski

  3. University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Poznań, Poland

    Dariusz Pieńkowski

  4. LVR-Kulturzentrum Abtei Brauweiler, Landschaftsverband Rheinland (LVR), Pulheim, Germany

    Gabriel Gach

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  1. Marius Mayer
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  2. Wojciech Zbaraszewski
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  3. Dariusz Pieńkowski
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  4. Gabriel Gach
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  5. Johanna Gernert
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Correspondence to Marius Mayer .

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Mayer, M., Zbaraszewski, W., Pieńkowski, D., Gach, G., Gernert, J. (2019). Borders, (Protected Area) Tourism and Prejudices: Theoretical and Conceptual Insights. In: Cross-Border Tourism in Protected Areas. Geographies of Tourism and Global Change. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05961-3_2

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