Abstract
Nickel resources are mainly in the form of sulphides in China, and chlorination roasting is one of the most important means of treating nickel sulphide ore. This paper reports the results of an investigation of the reaction mechanism of ammonium chloride roasting of flotation concentrate. The effect of roasting temperature on the calcine composition is discussed on the basis of roasting products analysis by SEM and vibrational spectra. The role of ammonium chloride in the reaction process was investigated in depth by X-ray micro-area analysis. The results show that the chlorination of ammonium chloride is achieved through the solid–solid chlorination and the chlorine-forming reaction, instead of chlorination by HCl formed by the decomposition of NH4Cl. Metal chlorides and double sulphate salts are formed during the chlorination roasting process, and the formation of double salts benefits the thermal stability of the product.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Liu YQ, Chang QZ (2004) Review and prospect of Jinchuan company’s comprehensive treatment of smelter off-gas. Sulphuric Acid Ind 5:10–14
Mukherjee TK, Gupta CK (1983) Base metal resource processing by chlorination. Miner Process Extr Metall Rev 1(1–2):111–153
Sun MS, Wang FM, Cai WF et al (2014) Research on the application of ammonium chloride. Chem Ind Eng Prog 33(4):999–1005
Terakado O, Saeki T, Irizato R et al (2010) Pyrometallurgical recovery of indium from dental metal recycling sludge by chlorination treatment with ammonium chloride. Mater Trans 51(6):1136–1140
D’Yachenko AN, Kraidenko RI (2010) Processing oxide-sulfide copper ores using ammonium chloride. Russ J Non-Ferrous Met 51(5):377–381
Borisov VA, D’Yachenko AN, Kraidenko RI (2011) Reaction of ammonium chloride with the copper(II) sulfide and oxide, and identification of the reaction products. Russ J Gen Chem 81(7):1430–1433
Bayer G, Wiedemann HG (1992) Thermal analysis of chalcopyrite roasting reactions. Thermochim Acta 198(2):303–312
Borisov VA, D’Yachenko AN, Kraidenko RI (2012) Mechanism of reaction between cobalt(II) oxide and ammonium chloride. Russ J Inorg Chem 57(7):923–926
Nakamoto K (1997) Infrared and Raman spectra of inorganic and coordination compounds: part B: applications in coordination, organometallic, and bioinorganic chemistry. Wiley, New York, pp 184–188
Reddy GU, Seshamaheswaramma K, Nakamura Y et al (2012) Electron paramagnetic resonance, optical absorption and Raman spectral studies on a pyrite/chalcopyrite mineral. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 96:310–315
Marinova D, Georgiev M, Stoilova D ( 2009) Vibrational behavior of matrix-isolated ions in Tutton compounds. II. Infrared spectroscopic study of and ions included in copper sulfates and selenates, J Mol Struct 938(1–3): 179–184
Chio CH, Sharma SK, Muenow DW (2007) The hydrates and deuterates of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4): a Raman spectroscopic study. J Raman Spectrosc 38(1):87–99
Nagaishi T, Ishiyama S, Matsumoto M et al (1984) Reactions between ammonium sulphate and metal oxides (metal = Cr, Mn and Fe) and thermal decomposition of the products. J Therm Anal 29(1):121–129
Shi JF, Wang ZX, Hu QY et al (2013) Recovery of nickel and cobalt from nickel laterite ore by sulfation roasting method using ammonium bisulfate. Chin J Nonferrous Met 2:510–515
Dahlstedt A, Seetharaman S, Jacob KT (1992) Thermodynamics of salt roasting of sulphide ores. Scand J Metall 21(6):242–245
Acknowledgements
The project was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (2014CB643403), National Natural Science Foundation of China/Joint Fund for Iron and Steel Research (U1860203) and CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mei, X., Cheng, H., Xu, C., Li, G., Lu, X., Xu, Q. (2019). Mechanism of the Chlorination Roasting of Nickel Sulphide Concentrate with Ammonium Chloride. In: Jiang, T., et al. 10th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05955-2_67
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05955-2_67
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-05954-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-05955-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)