Abstract
Titanium is exceptional value to industry, military and consumer applications due to the attractive combination of properties exhibited by metallic titanium and its alloys. The Kroll reduction reaction is a complex heterogeneous exothermic reaction with the possibility of the formation of TiCl2 and TiCl3 as reaction intermediates. Chlorine impurity has been a significant technical challenge in titanium production ever since the inception of the Kroll processes themselves. In this investigation, an attempt was made to check the influence factors of titanium sponge structure, raw materials, times of distillation and vacuum distillation process parameters on chorine impurity scavenging. The results indicate that the decrease of Ti sponge porosity increased the difficulty of chloride impurities removing. Chlorine content increased rapidly from 0.012 to 0.121% when the system pressure grew from 0.1 to 12 Pa in the vacuum distillation process. The chlorine content in titanium sponge was also increased with the increase of NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 impurities in Mg reductant.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Nagesh CR, Kumar GB, Saha B, Gokhale AA (2017) Titanium sponge production and processing for aerospace applications. Aerospace materials and material technologies. Springer, Singapore, pp 73–89
Dehghan-Manshadi A, Bermingham MJ, Dargusch MS, StJohn DH, Qian M (2017) Metal injection moulding of titanium and titanium alloys: challenges and recent development. Powder Technol 319:289–301
Jiao H, Tian D, Wang S, Zhu J, Jiao S (2017) Direct preparation of titanium alloys from ti-bearing blast furnace slag. J Electrochem Soc 164(7):D511–D516
Ono K, Suzuki RO (2002) A new concept for producing Ti sponge: calciothermic reduction. JOM 54(2):59–61
Zhang W, Zhu Z, Cheng CY (2011) A literature review of titanium metallurgical processes. Hydrometallurgy 108(3–4):177–188
Low RJ, Qian M, Schaffer GB (2012) Sintering of titanium with yttrium oxide additions for the scavenging of chlorine impurities. Metall Mater Trans A 43(13):5271–5278
Fan Z, Niu HJ, Cantor B, Miodownik AP, Saito T (1997) Effect of Cl on microstructure and mechanical properties of in situ Ti/TiB MMCs produced by a blended elemental powder metallurgy method. J Microsc 185(2):157–167
Gao F, Nie Z, Yang D, Sun B, Liu Y, Gong X, Wang Z (2018) Environmental impacts analysis of titanium sponge production using Kroll process in China. J Clean Prod 174:771–779
Zhang Y, Deng J, Jiang W, Mei Q, Liu D (2018) Application of vacuum distillation in refining crude lead. Vacuum 148:140–148
Liang L, Dachun L, Heli W, Kaihua L, Juhai D, Wenlong J (2018) Removal of chloride impurities from titanium sponge by vacuum distillation. Vacuum 152:166–172
Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation of China (No. 51874156), Transfer Payment Program of Sichuan Province of China (No. 2017GZYZF0039) and the Scientific Research Item of Panzhihua City (No. 2017CY-G-5). The encouragement of academician Dai Yongnian is greatly appreciated.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Li, L., Zhu, F., Liu, D., Li, K., Sheng, Z., Xu, B. (2019). Influence Factors Analysis on Scavenging of Chlorine Impurity from Crude Titanium Sponge. In: Jiang, T., et al. 10th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05955-2_64
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05955-2_64
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-05954-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-05955-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)