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Diffusion MRI Outside the Brain

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Computational Diffusion MRI (MICCAI 2019)

Part of the book series: Mathematics and Visualization ((MATHVISUAL))

Abstract

This manuscript provides an overview of recent developments in Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) outside the brain, focusing on liver, breast, prostate, muskuloskeletal (MSK) and cardiac applications. A general introduction to cross-cutting acquisition and image processing challenges is first provided. These often include short \(T_2\) relaxation times, the need to image a large field-of-view with the resulting complications in shimming the B0 field and achieving good fat suppression. Some of the strategies developed for dealing with motion, namely cardiac and respiratory motion are described. Specific sections are then presented for each of the aforementioned organs. A motivation for the clinical applicability of DWI is first provided, followed by specific image acquisition and processing considerations. Quantitative imaging is becoming standard in clinical practice, and the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient is routinely estimated in the liver, breast and prostate. Application of alternative signal models in these organs is being explored, including both the Intravoxel Incoherent Motion and Diffusion Kurtosis models. Ongoing efforts are focused on evaluating the potential clinical added value of the extra parameters and on improving their repeatability. MSK and cardiac DWI have shown potential for assessing pathological changes in fiber architecture, but further validation is required to enable application in the clinical setting.

Supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia grants SFRH/BD/120006/2016, IF/00364/2013 and UID/EEA/5009/2013.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Systems and Robotics (LARSYS) and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    Rita G. Nunes & Andreia S. Gaspar

  2. Department of Radiology, School of Health/Polytechnic of Porto (ESS-P.Porto), Porto, Portugal

    Luísa Nogueira & Nuno Adubeiro

  3. Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Nuno Adubeiro

  4. Department of Radiology, Centro Hospitalar de São João - EPE/Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Sofia Brandão

  5. CESPU, CRL - Advanced Institute of Health Sciences, Gandra, Paredes, Portugal

    Sofia Brandão

  6. Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aeronautics (LAETA), Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Sofia Brandão

Authors
  1. Rita G. Nunes
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  2. Luísa Nogueira
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  4. Nuno Adubeiro
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  5. Sofia Brandão
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rita G. Nunes .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK

    Elisenda Bonet-Carne

  2. Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, UK

    Francesco Grussu

  3. Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Lipeng Ning

  4. Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI), Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Farshid Sepehrband

  5. Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK

    Chantal M. W. Tax

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Ethics: Institutional review board approval was obtained for both breast (code CES 276/13) and prostate imaging (code 215/12 190/DEFI/195-CES).

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Nunes, R.G., Nogueira, L., Gaspar, A.S., Adubeiro, N., Brandão, S. (2019). Diffusion MRI Outside the Brain. In: Bonet-Carne, E., Grussu, F., Ning, L., Sepehrband, F., Tax, C. (eds) Computational Diffusion MRI. MICCAI 2019. Mathematics and Visualization. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05831-9_19

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