Abstract
Understanding the evolution of dynamic deformation and damage due to spall at grain boundaries (GBs) can provide a basis for connecting micro - to macroscale failure behavior in polycrystalline metals undergoing extreme loading conditions. Bicrystal samples grown from the melt were tested using flyer-plate impacts with shock stresses from 3 to 5 GPa. Pulse duration and crystal orientation along the shock direction were varied for a fixed boundary misorientation to determine thresholds for void nucleation and coalescence in both the bulk and the boundary. Sample characterization was performed using electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM ) to gather microstructural information at and around the GB, with emphasis on damage at the boundary. Simulations were performed to interpret experimental results. Initial results show that the kinetics of damage growth at the boundary is strongly affected by pulse duration and stress level and that once a threshold level is reached, damage increases faster at the GB compared to the grain bulks.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Meyers MA (1994) Dynamic behavior of materials. Wiley, New York
Minich RW, Cazamias JU, Kumar M, Schwartz AJ (2004) Effect of microstructural length scales on spall behavior of copper. Metall Mater Trans A 35A(9):2663–2673
Koller DD, Hixson RS, Gray GT III, Rigg PA, Addessio LB, Cerreta EK, Maestas JD, Yablinsky CA (2005) Influence of shock-wave profile shape on dynamically induced damage in high-purity copper. J Appl Phys 98:103518-1–103518-7. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2128493
Buchar J, Elices M, Cortez R (1991) The influence of grain size on the spall fracture of copper. J Phys IV Col 1(C3):C3-623–C3-630. https://doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1991387
Peralta P, DiGiacomo S, Hashemian S, Luo SN, Paisley D, Dickerson R, Loomis E, Byler D, McClellan KJ, D’Armas H (2008) Characterization of incipient spall damage in shocked copper multicrystals. Int J Damage Mech 18:393–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056789508097550
Wayne L (2009) Three-dimensional characterization of spall damage at microstructural weak links in shock-loaded copper polycrystals. Master’s thesis, Arizona State University
Cerreta EK, Escobedo JP, Perez-Bergquist A, Koller DD, Trujillo CP, Gray GT III, Brandl C, Germann TC (2012) Early stage dynamic damage and the role of grain boundary type. Scripta Mater 66:638–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.01.051
Escobedo JP, Dennis-Koller D, Cerreta EK, Patterson BM, Bronkhorst CA, Hansen BL, Tonks D, Lebensohn RA (2011) Effects of grain size and boundary structure on the dynamic tensile response of copper. J Appl Phys 110:033513-1–033513-13. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3607294
An Q, Han WZ, Luo SN, Germann TC, Tonks DL, Goddard WA III (2012) Left-right loading dependence of shock response of (111)//(112) Cu bicrystals: deformation and spallation. J Appl Phys 111(5):053525-1–053525-4. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3692079
Wayne L, Krishnan K, DiGiacomo S, Kovvali N, Peralta P, Luo SN, Greenfield S, Byler D, Paisley D, McClellan KJ, Koskelo A, Dickerson R (2010) Statistics of weak grain boundaries for spall damage in polycrystalline copper. Scripta Mater 63:1065–1068. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.08.003
Brown A (2014) Three dimensional characterization of microstructural effects on spall damage in shocked polycrystalline copper. Ph.D. thesis, Arizona State University
Brown A, Wayne L, Pham Q, Krishnan K, Peralta P, Luo SN, Patterson BM, Greenfield S, Byler D, McClellan KJ, Koskelo A, Dickerson R, Xiao X (2015) Microstructural effects on damage nucleation in shock-loaded polycrystalline copper. Metall Mater Trans A 46(10):4539–4547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2482-z
Escobedo JP, Cerreta EK, Dennis-Koller D (2013) Effect of crystalline structure on intergranular failure during shock loading. JOM 66(1):156–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0798-6
Gray GT III, Bourne NK, Henrie BL (2007) On the influence of loading profile upon the tensile failure of stainless steel. J Appl Phys 101:093507-1–093507-9. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2720099
Gray III GT, Bourne NK, Livescu V, Trujillo CP, MacDonald S, Withers P (2014) The influence of shock-loading path on the spallation response of Ta. Paper presented at the 18th APS-shock compression of condensed matter and 24th International Association for the Advancement of High Pressure Science and Technology, Seattle, WA, 7–12 July 2013. J Phys Conf Ser 500(11). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/500/11/112031
Rudd RE, Belak JF (2002) Void nucleation and associated plasticity in dynamic fracture of polycrystalline copper: an atomistic simulation. Comput Mater Sci 24:148–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-0256(02)00181-7
Wilkerson JW, Ramesh KT (2014) A dynamic void growth model governed by dislocation kinetics. J Mech Phys Solids 70:262–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2014.05.018
Chen GS, Aimone PR, Gao M, Miller CD, Wei RP (1997) Growth of nickel-base superalloy bicyrstals by the seeding technique with a modified Bridgman method. J Cryst Growth 179:635–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(97)00134-6
Krishnan K, Brown A, Wayne L, Vo J, Opie S, Lim H, Peralta P, Luo SN, Byler D, McClellan KJ, Koskelo A, Dickerson R (2015) Three-dimensional characterization and modeling of microstructural weak links for spall damage. Metall Mater Trans A 46(10):4527–4538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-014-2667-5
Potirniche G, Horstemeyer M (2007) An internal state variable damage model in crystal plasticity. Mech Mater 39:941–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2007.04.004
Bammann DJ, Aifantis EC (1989) A damage model for ductile metals. Nucl Eng Des 116:355–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(89)90095-2
Liu B, Li Z, Xu F, Kikuchi M (2011) Influence and sensitivity of inertial effect on void growth and behavior in ductile metals. In: Ariffin AK, Abdullah S, Ali A, Muchtar A, Ghazali MJ, Sajuri Z (eds) Key Eng Mater 462–463:449–454. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.462-463.449
Wilkerson JW, Ramesh KT (2016) Unraveling the anomalous grain size dependence of cavitation. Phys Rev Lett 117(21):215503-1–215503-5. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.117.215503
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fortin, E., Shaffer, B., Opie, S., Catlett, M., Peralta, P. (2019). Inter- and Transgranular Nucleation and Growth of Voids in Shock Loaded Copper Bicrystals. In: Li, B., et al. Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2019. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-05748-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-05749-7
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)