Abstract
One of the most popular means of discrediting the Moon landings is claiming that the pictures were photoshopped, i.e. the presented photographs were manipulated. Some of the more spectacular examples include the photo of three astronauts on the Moon (everyone knows that there were always only two on the Moon) or photos including items that were never actually taken (sales signs, camels, and even whole ships—a camel in the lander, marvelous!). I think that we can classify these manipulations as “jokes” and “advertising,” and as such, they do not require our consideration because they are so easy to catch and understand. Rather, I’ll focus on original photographs that may appear questionable to the viewer and that are used as “proof” of the Moon landing conspiracy.
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Incidentally, the cameras did not have a viewfinder shaft and the astronauts were unable to target objects.
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The contrast issue is also a fundamental problem in the search for extrasolar planets in astronomy. The extremely bright star outshines its entire neighborhood so that extremely faint planets literally are covered up by the light.
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As it so happens, the command capsule was also located at this elevation on the Saturn V Moon rocket. Once you have stood on the south tower of the Dom, you can get a feel for the enormous size of that machine.
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For the Hasselblad cameras on the Moon, the company ZEISS developed the Biogon 5.6/60 mm lens with very high contrast and sharpness with the maximum freedom from distortion.
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Eversberg, T. (2019). Manipulation of the Pictures. In: The Moon Hoax?. Science and Fiction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05460-1_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05460-1_7
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