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Global Space Activities: Missions and Technological Developments

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Yearbook on Space Policy 2017

Part of the book series: Yearbook on Space Policy ((YEARSPACE))

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Abstract

As Europe’s launch sector continues substantial development to grow more competitive in the global market, Arianespace’s Vega launcher—manufactured by ELV (a joint venture between the Italian Space Agency and Avio)—has launched a total of 12 times since 2012, all successfully. Over the reporting period in particular (including up to August 2018), Vega launched three times in 2017 and once in 2018. Looking to the future, and as part of overall efforts to increase the Vega’s competitiveness on the launch market, ESA and Avio have been developing since 2016 a new Small Spacecraft Mission System adaptor (SMSS), which can deliver cubesats and microsats up to 400 kg to orbit. In 2018, Arianespace secured four customers on the first SMSS, scheduled for 2019, including Spaceflight Inc. (American), ISIS (Dutch), and the Italian Sitael and D-Orbit. The SMSS is intended for one to two flights per year. Moreover, the P120 C engine under development by ArianeGroup (as of July 2017, the corporate name of Airbus Safran Launchers was changed to ArianeGroup) and Avio, intended for both the next-generation Vega C and Ariane 6, is to be produced in up to 35 units per year and “will provide scale meaningful enough to drive prices lower, according to Arianespace and Avio officials”. Lastly, with the Vega C still scheduled for its first flight in 2019, Avio is also developing a further launcher, known as Vega E (Evolution), expected for launch in 2024; ESA has additionally committed to the latter in a contract with Avio valued at 53 million €. According to SpaceNews.com, this reportedly represents only a “first tranche”.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    “Frequently Asked Questions on Vega.” 10 May 2017. ESA, 7 Sep. 2018 <https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Transportation/Launch_vehicles/Frequently_asked_questions_on_Vega>.

  2. 2.

    Graham, William. “Arianespace’s Vega rocket launches ESA’s Aeolus.” 22 Aug. 2018. NASA Spaceflight, 7 Sep. 2018 <https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/08/arianespaces-vega-rocket-esa-aeolus-launch/>.

  3. 3.

    “Gunter’s Space Page—Vega (P80 based).” Data from 2017 and 2018. Gunter’s Space Page, 7 Sep. 2018 <https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/vega_p80.htm>.

  4. 4.

    “Airbus Safran Launchers to Become ArianeGroup.” 17 May 2017. Safran, 5 June 2018 <https://www.safran-group.com/media/airbus-safran-launchers-become-arianegroup-20170517>.

  5. 5.

    Henry, Caleb. “Vega’s long-awaited (small) successes.” 8 Aug. 2018. SpaceNews, 7 Sep. 2018 <https://spacenews.com/vegas-long-awaited-small-successes/>.

  6. 6.

    Henry, Caleb. “ESA pours $107 million into Vega E and a reusable spaceplane.” 30 Nov. 2017. SpaceNews, 7 Sep. 2018 <https://spacenews.com/esa-pours-107-million-into-vega-e-and-a-reusable-spaceplane/>.

  7. 7.

    “CNES signs two Ariane 6 development contracts for French Guiana.” 21 June 2017. CNES, 6 Sep. 2018 <https://presse.cnes.fr/sites/default/files/drupal/201706/default/cp101-2017_-_siae_guyane_contrats_a6_va.pdf>.

  8. 8.

    “CNES and ArianeGroup step up Cooperation in the Launch Vehicles Sector.” 21 Sep. 2017. CNES, 6 Sep. 2018 <https://presse.cnes.fr/en/cnes-and-arianegroup-step-cooperation-launch-vehicles-sector>.

  9. 9.

    “[Ariane 6] New P120c Engine Successfully Tested.” 16 July 2018. CNES, 6 Sep. 2018 <https://cnes.fr/en/ariane-6-new-p120c-engine-successfully-tested>.

  10. 10.

    Henry, Caleb. “Ariane 6 is nearing completion, but Europe’s work is far from over.” 15 Aug. 2018. SpaceNews, 6 Sep. 2018 <https://spacenews.com/ariane-6-is-nearing-completion-but-europes-work-is-far-from-over/>.

  11. 11.

    ESPI database.

  12. 12.

    “Arianespace and ArianeGroup Kick Off Production for the Final 10 Ariane 5 Launchers Across Europe’s Space Industry in Parallel to the Operational Debut of Ariane 6.” 9 Jan. 2018. ArianeGroup, 5 June 2018 <https://www.ariane.group/en/news/arianespace-and-arianegroup-kick-off-production-for-the-final-10-ariane-5-launchers-across-europes-space-industry-in-parallel-to-the-operational-debut-of-ariane-6/>.

  13. 13.

    Henry, Caleb. “Ariane 5 down to two dozen launches before Ariane 6 takes over.” 16 Jan. 2018. SpaceNews, 5 June 2018 <http://spacenews.com/ariane-5-down-to-two-dozen-launches-before-ariane-6-takes-over/>.

  14. 14.

    “CNES and ArianeGroup Step Up Cooperation in the Launch Vehicles Sector.” 20 Sep. 2017. ArianeGroup, 5 June 2018 <https://www.ariane.group/en/news/cnes-and-arianegroup-step-up-cooperation-in-the-launch-vehicles-sector/> .

  15. 15.

    Henry, Caleb. “ESA signs up as Ariane 6 inaugural customer with two Galileo missions.” 14 Sep. 2017. SpaceNews, 5 June 2018 <http://spacenews.com/esa-signs-up-as-ariane-6-inaugural-customer-with-two-galileo-missions/>.

  16. 16.

    Henry, Caleb. “Eutelsat awards three launches to Arianespace, hints at Ariane 6 interest.” 2 June 2017. SpaceNews, 5 June 2018 <http://spacenews.com/eutelsat-awards-three-launches-to-arianespace-hints-at-ariane-6-interest/>.

  17. 17.

    Op. cit.—“Ariane 5 down to two dozen launches before Ariane 6 takes over.”

  18. 18.

    “ArianeGroup to Start Production of the First Ariane 62.” 18 Dec. 2017. ArianeGroup, 5 June 2018 <https://www.ariane.group/en/news/ariane6-production-en/>.

  19. 19.

    Op. cit.—“ESA signs up as Ariane 6 inaugural customer with two Galileo missions.”

  20. 20.

    Op. cit.—“Eutelsat awards three launches to Arianespace, hints at Ariane 6 interest.”

  21. 21.

    Henry, Caleb. “France, Germany studying reusability with a subscale flyback booster.” 8 Jan. 2018, SpaceNews, 6 Sep. 2018 <https://spacenews.com/france-germany-studying-reusability-with-a-subscale-flyback-booster/>.

  22. 22.

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  23. 23.

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  24. 24.

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  25. 25.

    Jeff Foust “NASA decides not to place a crew on first SLS/Orion mission” 12th May 2017. SpaceNews 6th June 2018 <https://spacenews.com/nasa-decides-not-to-place-a-crew-on-first-slsorion-mission/>.

  26. 26.

    Op. Cit “NASA plans to delay the first Orio/SLS mission to 2019” 27th April 2017. SpaceNews 6th June 2018 <https://spacenews.com/nasa-plans-to-delay-first-slsorion-mission-to-2019/>.

  27. 27.

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  34. 34.

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  35. 35.

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  36. 36.

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  37. 37.

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  41. 41.

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  43. 43.

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  44. 44.

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  50. 50.

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  52. 52.

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  1. European Space Policy Institute, Wien, Austria

    Edward Burger & Giulia Bordacchini

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Burger, E., Bordacchini, G. (2019). Global Space Activities: Missions and Technological Developments. In: Yearbook on Space Policy 2017. Yearbook on Space Policy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05417-5_2

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