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Extraction of Cellulose Nanofibers and Their Eco-friendly Polymer Composites

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Sustainable Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites

Abstract

Polymer-based materials are an important and promising area of research exhibiting strong developments (Sadeghi et al. in J Mol Liq 263:282–287, 2018, [1; Rezakazemi et al. in Progr Energy Combust Sci 66:1–41, 2018 [2]). They play a prominent role in the modern civilization and find application in different industries related to electrical and electronic equipment, chemicals, automotive, spacecraft, energy storage in batteries and supercapacitors and medical to cite a few.

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Abbreviations

%:

Percentage

[BMIM]Cl:

1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride

[BMIM]HSO4:

1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate

[EMIM][OAc]:

1-ethyl-3-methyllimidazolium acetate

[SBMIM]HSO4:

1-(4-sulfobutyl)-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate

AFM:

Atomic force microscopy

AGU:

Anhydroglucose unit

ANC:

Amorphous nanocellulose

BC:

Bacterial cellulose

cm:

Centimeter

CNC:

Cellulose nanocrystal

CNF:

Cellulose nanofibrils

CNM:

Cellulose nanomaterials

CNY:

Cellulose nanoyarn

CrI :

Crystallinity index

D:

Apparent crystallite size

DSC:

Differential scanning calorimetry

FTIR:

Fourier Transform

HEBM:

High-energy bead milling

kg/day:

Kilogram per day

nm:

Nanometer

PLA:

Polylactide

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

TAPPI:

Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry

TBAA:

Tetrabutylammonium acetate

TEM:

Transmission electron microscope

TEMPO:

2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy

TGA:

Thermogravimetric analysis

Tmax:

Melting point temperature

XRD:

X-ray Diffraction

λ:

X-ray wavelength

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Acknowledgements

Authors wish to thank their parental institutes (Universiti Sains Malaysia through USM Research University Incentive, RUI Grant 1001/PKIMIA/8011077 and Short Term Grant 304/PKIMIA/6315100) for providing the necessary facility to accomplish this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Technology Research Group (MaTReC), School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia

    M. Hazwan Hussin & Caryn Tan Hui Chuin

  2. UER Procédés Energétiques, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, Algiers, Algeria

    Djalal Trache

  3. School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia

    M. R. Nurul Fazita, M. K. Mohamad Haafiz & Md. Sohrab Hossain

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  1. M. Hazwan Hussin
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  2. Djalal Trache
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  3. Caryn Tan Hui Chuin
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  4. M. R. Nurul Fazita
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  5. M. K. Mohamad Haafiz
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  6. Md. Sohrab Hossain
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Correspondence to M. Hazwan Hussin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Inamuddin

  2. School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Sabu Thomas

  3. Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Raghvendra Kumar Mishra

  4. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah M. Asiri

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Hazwan Hussin, M., Trache, D., Chuin, C.T.H., Nurul Fazita, M.R., Mohamad Haafiz, M.K., Hossain, M.S. (2019). Extraction of Cellulose Nanofibers and Their Eco-friendly Polymer Composites. In: Inamuddin, Thomas, S., Kumar Mishra, R., Asiri, A. (eds) Sustainable Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05399-4_23

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