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Current Scenario of Nanocomposite Materials for Fuel Cell Applications

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Sustainable Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites

Abstract

Integration of hybrid nanocomposite materials in a fuel cell (FC) provides excellent improved properties such as proton conductivity, membrane stability. Similarly, the synergetic effect of materials used in nanocomposite membranes gives better water retention property, suppression of fuel crossover with reduced cost of operation. Currently available composite materials comprising of various metals, metal oxides, carbon materials and polymers display their superior properties in fuel cell applications. However, composite membranes have drawbacks such as CO poisoning, poor water retention capacity, and fuel crossover due to the less chemical and thermal stabilities. Recently, a tremendous advancement in various nanocomposite membranes led to superior properties in terms of high membrane stability, proton conductivity, suppression of fuel crossover, less CO poisoning. In this chapter, the recent developments in FC nanocomposite technology are systematically summarized. Furthermore, the advantages of the insertion of hybrid, clean, cheap and new variety of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, chitosan and organic fillers in FC are neatly explained.

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Abbreviations

AFC:

Alkaline fuel cell

CNT:

Carbon nanotubes

CV:

Cyclic voltammetry

DFT:

Density functional theory

DMFC:

Direct methanol fuel cell

FC:

Fuel cell

GDL:

Gas diffusion layers

IEC:

Ion exchange capacity

MCFC:

Molten carbonate fuel cell

MEA:

Membrane electrode assembly

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

ORR:

Oxygen reduction reaction

PAFC:

Phosphoric acid fuel cell

PEM:

Proton exchange membrane

PECVD:

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition

PEEK:

Poly (ether ether ketone)

PEMFC:

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

RH:

Relative humidity

SOFC:

Solid oxide fuel cell

SPEEK:

Sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone)

SWCNT:

Single-walled carbon nanotubes

PBI:

Polybenzimidazole

PVA:

Polyvinyl alcohol

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support from DST Nanomission, India (SR/NM/NS-20/2014), DST, India (DST-TM-WTI-2K14-213) and SERB-DST, India (YSS/2015/000013) for financial support. We also thank Jain University, India for providing facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru, 562 112, Karnataka, India

    Raveendra M. Hegde, Mahaveer D. Kurkuri & Madhuprasad Kigga

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  1. Raveendra M. Hegde
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  2. Mahaveer D. Kurkuri
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  3. Madhuprasad Kigga
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Correspondence to Mahaveer D. Kurkuri or Madhuprasad Kigga .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    Inamuddin

  2. School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Sabu Thomas

  3. Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    Raghvendra Kumar Mishra

  4. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Abdullah M. Asiri

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Hegde, R.M., Kurkuri, M.D., Kigga, M. (2019). Current Scenario of Nanocomposite Materials for Fuel Cell Applications. In: Inamuddin, Thomas, S., Kumar Mishra, R., Asiri, A. (eds) Sustainable Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05399-4_20

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