Skip to main content

Recommendation for Program-Level Practices and Future Research Agenda

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 395 Accesses

Abstract

This is the concluding chapter of this book. The goals and findings from the preceding chapters are revisited, based on which recommendations for program-level and classroom-level practices for the focal program in specific, and Chinese one-way immersion programs in general, are made. In addition, this chapter outlines an agenda for future research on Chinese one-way immersion programs, and advocates for an expansion of research on biliteracy development, especially studies employing different research methodologies, and a focus on academic literacy development in Chinese, in addition to examining language and literacy acquisition among atypical learners in Chinese immersion programs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. (2013). Alignment of the world-readiness standards for learning languages with the common core state standards | American council on the teaching of foreign languages. Alexandria, VA: ACTFL. Retrieved June 2, 2018, from https://www.actfl.org/sites/default/files/news/AligningCCSSLanguageStandards.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Councils for International Education. (2017). The national dual language immersion research alliance—National dual language forum members. Retrieved June 2, 2018, from https://www.americancouncils.org/sites/default/files/DLI-portfolio.pdf.

  • Cammarata, L., & Tedick, D. J. (2012). Balancing content and language in instruction: The experience of immersion teachers. Modern Language Journal, 96(2), 251–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cruickshank, K., & Tsung, L. (2011). Teaching and learning Chinese: A research agenda. In L. Tsung & K. Cruickshank (Eds.), Teaching and learning Chinese in global contexts (pp. 213–224). London, UK: Bloomsbury Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtain, H., Everson, M., King, Y., Kotenbeutel, C., Lavadenz, M., Liu, P., & Ross, C. (2016). Guiding principles for early literacy experiences for beginning learners of Chinese. College Park, MD: The National Foreign Language Resource Center. Retrieved September 20, 2016, from https://startalk.umd.edu/public/resources/chinese-literacy-development.

  • Deno, S. L. (1985). Curriculum-based measurement: The emerging alternative. Exceptional Children, 52(3), 219–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Donato, R., & Tucker, G. R. (2010). A tale of two schools: Developing sustainable early foreign language programs. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Everson, M. E. (2009). The importance of standards. In M. E. Everson & Y. Xiao (Eds.), Teaching Chinese as a foreign language: Theories and applications (pp. 3–17). Boston: Cheng & Tsui.

    Google Scholar 

  • Everson, M. E. (2016). CFL teacher preparation and development. In J. Ruan, J. Zhang, & C. B. Leung (Eds.), Chinese language education in the United States (pp. 231–244). Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Fortune, T. W. (2011). Struggling learners and the language classroom. In D. J. Tedick, D. Christian, & T. W. Fortune (Eds.), Immersion education: Practices, policies, possibilities (pp. 251–270). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Fortune, T. W. (2012). What the research says about immersion. In Asia Society (Ed.), Chinese language learning in the early grades: A handbook of resources and best practices for Mandarin immersion (pp. 9–13). New York, NY: Asia Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortune, T. W., & Menke, M. (2010). Struggling learners and language immersion education: Research-based, practitioner-informed responses to educators’ top questions. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fortune, T. W., & Tedick, D. J. (2003). What parents want to know about foreign language immersion programs. ERIC Digest. Retrieved June 20, 2017, from https://www.ericdigests.org/2004-4/parents.htm.

  • Fortune, T. W., Tedick, D. J., & Walker, C. L. (2008). Integrated language and content teaching: Insights from the language immersion classroom: Evolving perspectives on immersion education. In T. W. Williams & D. J. Tedick (Eds.), Pathways to multilingualism: Evolving perspectives on immersion education (pp. 71–96). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Genesee, F. (2007). French immersion and at-risk students: A review of research evidence. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 63(5), 654–687.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Genesee, F., & Jared, D. (2008). Literacy development in early French immersion programs. Canadian Psychology, 49(2), 140–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holm, A., & Dodd, B. (1996). The effect of first written language on the acquisition of English literacy. Cognition, 59(2), 119–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kieffer, M. J., & Box, C. D. F. (2013). Derivational morphological awareness, academic vocabulary, and reading comprehension in linguistically diverse sixth graders. Learning and Individual Differences, 24, 168–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knell, E., & West, H.-I. (2017). To delay or not to delay: The timing of Chinese character instruction for secondary learners. Foreign Language Annals, 50(3), 519–532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, K. E., Rausch, C. M., McCarty, T. G., Montgomery, S. E., & Rule, A. C. (2017). Utilizing nonfiction texts to enhance reading comprehension and vocabulary in primary grades. Early Childhood Education Journal, 45(2), 285–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuo, L., & Anderson, R. C. (2006). Morphological awareness and learning to read: A cross-language perspective. Educational Psychologist, 41(3), 161–180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leong, C. K., Cheng, P. W., & Tan, L. H. (2005). The role of sensitivity to rhymes, phonemes and tones in reading english and chinese pseudowords. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 18(1), 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lü, C. (2017). The roles of Pinyin skill in English-Chinese biliteracy learning: Evidence from Chinese immersion learners. Foreign Language Annals, 50(2), 306–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lü, C., & Koda, K. (2017). The roles of phonological awareness and oral vocabulary knowledge in English-Chinese biliteracy acquisition among Chinese heritage language learners. Heritage Language Journal, 14(1), 30–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lü, C., & Lavadenz, M. (2014). Native Chinese-speaking K-12 language teachers’ beliefs and practices. Foreign Language Annals, 47(4), 630–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Met, M., & Livacarri, C. (2012). Basic program design. In Asia Society (Ed.), Chinese language learning in the early grades: A handbook of resources and best practices for Mandarin immersion (pp. 16–21). New York, NY: Asia Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohio Department of Education. (2014). Ohio’s K-4 content-enriched Mandarin Chinese curriculum and professional development modules. Retrieved January 6, 2017, from http://education.ohio.gov/Topics/Ohio-s-New-Learning-Standards/Foreign-Language/World-Languages-Resources/Ohio%E2%80%99s-K-4-Content-Enriched-Mandarin-Chinese-Curri.

  • Orton, J. (2008). Chinese language education in Australian schools. Parkville, Australia: The University of Melbourne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, B. (2004). Becoming biliterate: A study of two-way bilingual immersion education. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Potowski, K. (2007). Language and identity in a dual immersion school. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soik, W. T., Perfetti, C. A., Jin, Z., & Tan, L.-H. (2004). Biological abnormality of impaired reading is constrained by culture. Nature, 43, 71–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, B., & Curdt-Christiansen, X. (2018). Chinese language instruction in Singapore: Voices of children and views of teachers. In G. Li & W. Ma (Eds.), Educating Chinese-heritage students in the global-local nexus: Identities, challenges, and opportunities (pp. 209–226). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Swain, M. (1996). Integrating language and content in immersion classrooms: Research perspectives. Canadian Modern Language Review, 52, 529–548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, M., Perfetti, C. A., & Liu, Y. (2005). Chinese-English biliteracy acquisition: Cross-language and writing system transfer. Cognition, 97(1), 67–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, T. S. (2014). From potential to reality. The Reading Teacher, 67(5), 359–367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Lü, C. (2019). Recommendation for Program-Level Practices and Future Research Agenda. In: Chinese Literacy Learning in an Immersion Program. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04987-4_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04987-4_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-04986-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-04987-4

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics