Abstract
This book chapter details the recent and very recent work on biomedical applications of hydroxyapatite nanocomposites. Single component of hydroxyapatite has not fulfilled the all obligation of biomedical process. The hydroxyapatite-reinforced polymer nanocomposites imitate the inhabitant tissue microenvironment due to their porous and molecular structure. An emerging approach has been involved as the reinforced polymeric compounds and to include multiple functionalities. Wide ranges of nanocomposites such as carbon-based, polymeric, ceramic, and metallic nanomaterial can be integrated within the hydrogel network to obtain nanocomposites with superior properties and tailored functionality. Hydroxyapatite nanocomposites can be engineered to possess superior physical, chemical, electrical, and biological properties. Mainly this book chapter deals with the hydroxyapatite composites applied for various application specifically tissue engineering, drug delivery, gene carriers and photodynamic therapy are discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- ALG:
-
Alginate
- ALP:
-
Alkaline phosphate activity
- ARG:
-
Arginine
- AMX:
-
Amoxillin-clavulanate
- BMSCs:
-
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
- BSP:
-
Bone sialoprotein
- BMP-2:
-
Bone Morphogenic Protein
- β-TCP:
-
Beta-Tri-calcium phosphate
- CS:
-
Chitosan
- CMC:
-
Carboxy Methyl Cellulose
- CMPs:
-
Chitosan microspheres
- CNT:
-
Carbon Nanotube
- 5-FCil:
-
5-Fluorouracil
- nCHA:
-
Nanocrystalline Carbonated Hydroxyapatite
- COLL:
-
Collagen
- Dox:
-
Doxorubicin
- DEX/BSA:
-
Dexamethasone–bovine serum albumin
- ECM:
-
Extracellular Matrix
- GG:
-
Gellan gum
- GM:
-
Gentamicin
- HA:
-
Hydroxyapatite
- n-HA:
-
Nano-Hydroxyapatite
- HARV:
-
High Perspective Proportion Vessel
- MBG/HA:
-
Mesoporus Bioactive glass
- MSCs:
-
Mesenchymal stem cells
- hMSCs:
-
Human mesenchymal stem cells
- MC3T3-E1:
-
osteoblast cell line separated from mus musculus calvaria
- MMT:
-
Montmorillonite
- PCL:
-
Polycaprolactone
- PEG:
-
Polyethylene Glycol
- PEI:
-
Polyethylen imine
- PHB:
-
Poly(hydroxybutyrate)
- PLGA:
-
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PLLA:
-
Poly-l-Lactic acid
- PLEA:
-
Poly (ethylene adipate-co-d,l-lactic acid)
- PVA:
-
Polyvinyl alcohol
- mRNA:
-
messenger Ribonucleic acid
- SA:
-
Sodium Alginate
- SF:
-
Silk
- SBF:
-
Stimulated Body Fluid
- M-THPP:
-
Tetrakis Hydroxy Phenyl Porphrin
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
- XPS:
-
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
References
Abdeen R, Salahuddin N (2013) Modified Chitosan-Clay nanocomposite as a drug delivery system intercalation and in vitro release of Ibuprofen. J Chem 576370:9
Akhbar S, Subuki I, Sharudin RW, Ismail MH (2017) Morphology of polycaprolactone/needle shaped hydroxyapatite (PCL/HAN) nanocomposite blends using ultrasound assisted melt blending. Mater Sci Eng 213:012025
Altinoglu EI, Russin TJ, Kaiser JM, Barth BM, Eklund PC, Kester M, Adair JH (2008) Near-infrared emitting fluorophore-doped calcium phosphate nanoparticles for in vivo imaging of human breast cancer. ACS Nano 2(10):2075–2084
Amaro Martins VC, Goissis G (2000) Nonstoichiometric hydroxyapatite-anionic collagen composite as support for the double sustained release of gentamicin and norfloxacin/ciprofloxacin. Artif Organs 24(3):224–230
Antonio E, Forte Stefano G, Francesco Manieri F, Rodriguez Y, Baena Daniele D (2016) Preparation, optimization and property of PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel. 112:227–238
Arcos D, Greenspan DC, Vallet-Regi M (2002) Influence of the stabilization temperature on textural and structural features and ion release in SiO2-CaO-P2O5 sol-gel glasses. Chem Mater 14:1515–1522
Azami M, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Poursamar S (2010) Synthesis and characterization of a laminated hydroxyapatite/gelatin nanocomposite scaffold with controlled pore structure for bone tissue engineering. Int J Artif Organs 33:86–95
Baheiraei N, Azami M, Hosseinkhani H (2015) Investigation of magnesium incorporation within gelatin/calcium phosphate nanocomposite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 12(20):245–253
Bajaj I, Survase S, Saudagar P, Singhal R (2007) gellan gum: fermentive production downstream processing and application. Food Technol Biotechnol 45:341–354
Bakhtiari L, Rezaie H, Hosseinalipour S, Shokrgozar M (2010) Investigation of biphasic calcium phosphate/gelatin nanocomposite scaffolds as a bone tissue engineering. Ceram Int 36:2421–2426
Barbani N, Guerra G, Cristallini C, Urciuoli P, Avvisati R, Sala A (2012) Hydroxyapatite/gelatin/gelan sponges as nanocomposite scaffold for bone reconstruction. J Mater Sci Mater Med 23:51–61
Barth BM, Altinoglu EI, Shanmugavelandy SS, Kaiser JM, Crespo-Gonzalez D, DiVittore NA, McGovern C, Goff TM, Keasey NR, Adair JH, Loughran TP, Claxton DF, Kester M (2011) Targeted indocyanine-green-loaded calcium phosphosilicate nanoparticles for in vivo photodynamic therapy of leukemia. ACS Nano 5(7):5325–5337
Bartkowiak-Jowsa M, Bedzinski R, Szaraniec B, Chlopek J (2011) Mechanical, biological, and microstructural properties of biodegradable models of polymeric stents made of PLLA and alginate fibers. Acta Bioeng Biomech 13(4):21–28
Basirun WJ, Tabrizi BN, Baradaran S (2017) Overview of hydroxyapatite–graphene nanoplatelets composite as bone graft substitute: mechanical behavior and in-vitro biofunctionality. Crit Rev Solid States Mater Sci 1–36
Bellucci D, Anesi A, Salvatori R, Chiarini L, Cannillo V (2017) A comparative in vivo evaluation of bioactive glasses and bioactive glass-based composites for bone tissue repair. Mater Sci Eng C 79:286–295
Benning L, Gutzweiler L, Tröndle K, Riba J, Zengerle R, Koltay P, Zimmermann S, Stark GB, Finkenzeller G (2017) Cytocompatibility testing of hydrogels toward bioprinting of mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 105(12):3231–3241
Bertran O, Valle D, Revilla-Lopez LJ, Chaves G, Cardus G, Casas L, Casanovas MT, Turon J, Puiggalí J, Aleman C (2013) Mineralization of DNA into nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite. Dalton Trans 43(1):317–327
Bose S, Tarafder S (2012) Calcium phosphate ceramic systems in growth factor and drug delivery for bone tissue engineering: a review. Acta Biomater 8(4):1401–1421
Bramhill J (2017) Bioactive nanocomposites for tissue repair and regeneration: a review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 14(66):1–2
Budiatin AS, Zainuddin M, Khotib J (2014) biocompatable composite as gentamicin delivery system for osteomyelitis and bone regeneration. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 6(3):223–226
Cai X, Ten Hoopen S, Zhang W, Yi C, Yang W, Yang F, Jansen JA, Walboomers XF, Yelick PC (2017) Influence of highly porous electrospun PLGA/PCL/nHA fibrous scaffolds on the differentiation of tooth bud cells in vitro. J Biomed Mater Res A 105(9):2597–2607
Chen FM, Liu X (2016) Advancing biomaterials of human origin for tissue engineering. Prog Polym Sci 53:86–168
Chen S, Hao Y, Cui W, Chang J, Zhou Y (2013a) Biodegradable electrospun PLLA/chitosan membrane as guided tissue regeneration membrane for treating periodontitis. J Mater Sci 48:6567–6577
Chen Y, Yang L, Huang S, Li Z, He J, Xu Z, Liu L, Cao Y, Sun L (2013b) Delivery system for DNA enzyme using arginine-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for therapeutic application in a nasopharyngeal carcinoma model. Int J Nano Med 8:3107–3118
Chen K, Liu J, Yang X, Zhang D (2017) Preparation, optimization and property of PVA-HA/PAA composite hydrogel. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 78:520–529
Chung J-H, Kim YK, Kim K-H, Kwon T-Y, Vaezmomeni SZ, Samiei M, Aghazadeh M, Davaran S, Mahkam M, Asadi G, Akbarzadeh A (2016) Synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite–natural polymers nanocomposites for dentistry applications. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 44(1):277–284
Corcione CE, Gervaso F, Scalera F, Montagna F, Maiullaro T, Sannino A, Maffezzoli A (2017) 3D printing of hydroxyapatite polymer-based composites for bone tissue engineering. J Polym Eng 37(8):741–746
Correia J, Correia S, Pereira H, Espregueira-Mendes J, Oliveira J, Reis R (2013) Tissue engineering strategies applied in the regeneration of the human intervertebral disk. J Biotechnol Adv 31:1514–1531
Cunniffe GM (2010) Development and characterisation a collagen nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med 8:2293–2298
Cunningham E, Dunne N, Clarke S, Seong Ying C, Walker G, Wilcox R, Unger RE, Buchanan F, Kirkpatrick CJ (2011) Comparative characterisation of 3-D hydroxyapatite scaffolds developed via replication of synthetic polymer foams and natural marine sponges. J Tissue Sci Eng S:1
Curtin CM (2012) Innovative collagen nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds offer a highly effi cient non-viral gene delivery platform for stem cell-mediated bone formation. Adv Mater 24(6):749–754
Djagny KB, Wang Z, Xu S (2001) Gelatin: a valuable protein for food and pharmaceutical industries: review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 41:481–492
Dongming R, Ping C, Yuchao Y, Qingtao L, Wenbing W, Xingxing F, Jie Z, Zhongyu H, Jing T, Jun O (2016) Fabrication of gelatin/PCL electrospun fiber mat with bone powder and the study of its biocompatibility. J Funct Biomater 7(6):1–11
Dou XC, Zhu XP, J. Zhou HQ, Cai J, Tang Q, Li L (2011) Minocycline-released hydroxyapatite-gelatin nanocomposite and its cytocompatibility in vitro. Biomed Mater 025002, 1–8
Fadiran OO, Girouard N, Carson Meredith J (2018) Pollen fillers for reinforcing and strengthening of epoxy composites. Emergent Mater 1(1–2):95–103
Frohbergh ME, Katsman A, Botta GP, Lazarovici P, Schauer CL, Wegst UG, Lelkes PI (2012) Electrospun chitosan/hydroxyapatite nanofibers crosslinked with genipin for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 33(36):9167–9178
Gaharwar AK, Peppas NA, Khademhosseini A (2014) Nanocomposite hydrogels for biomedical applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 111(3):441–453
Gentile P, Chiono V, Carmagnola I, Hatton PV (2014) An overview of poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA)-based biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. Int J Mol Sci 15(3):3640–3659
Goldberg M, Langer R, Jia X (2007) Nanostructured materials for applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 18(3):241–268
Gong Y, Han G, Zhan Y, Pan Y, Xia Y, Wu Y (2012) Antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of zinc, calcium and copper alginate fibers. Biol Trace Elem Res 148:415–419
Gorgieva S, Kokol V (2011) Collagen-vs. Gelatin-based biomaterials and their biocompatibility: review and prespective. In Biomaterials applications for nanomedicine. In Tech, pp 1–37
Govindaraj D, Rajan M (2018) Coating of Bio-mimetic minerals-substituted hydroxyapatite on surgical grade stainless steel 316L by electrophoretic deposition for hard tissue applications. In: IOP conference series: materials science and engineering, vol 314, issue no. 1, p 012029
Govindaraj D, Rajan M, Munusamy MA, Dakshinamoorthi Balakumaran M, Kalaichelvan PT (2015) Osteoblast compatibility of minerals substituted hydroxyapatite reinforced poly(sorbitol sebacate adipate) nanocomposites for bone tissue application. RSC Adv 5:44705–44713
Govindaraj D, Govindaraj C, Rajan M (2017a) Binary functional porous multi mineral–substituted apatite nanoparticles for reducing osteosarcoma colonization and enhancing osteoblast cell proliferation. Mater Sci Eng C 79:875–885
Govindaraj D, Rajan M, Munusamy MA, Alarfaj AA, Higuchi A, Suresh Kumar S (2017b) Carbon nanotubes/pectin/minerals substituted apatite nanocomposite depositions on anodized titanium for hard tissue implant: in vivo biological performance. Mater Chem Phys 194:77–89
Govindaraj D, Rajan M, Murugan A, Alarfaj Abdullah A, Suresh Kumar S (2017c) Mineral-substituted hydroxyapatite reinforced poly(raffinose-citric acid)–polyethylene glycol nanocomposite enhances osteogenic differentiation and induces ectopic bone formation. New J Chem 41:3036–3047
Govindaraj D, Rajan M, Hatamleh AA, Munusamy MA, Alarfaj AA, Sadasivuni KK, Suresh Kumar S (2017d) The synthesis, characterization and in vivo study of mineral substituted hydroxyapatite for prospective bone tissue rejuvenation applications. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 13(8):2661–2669
Govindaraj D, Rajan M, Hatamleh AA, Munusamy MA, Alarfaj AA (2018a) From waste to high-value product: jackfruit peel derived pectin/apatite bionanocomposites for bone healing applications. Int J Biol Macromol 106:293–301
Govindaraj D, Pradeepkumar P, Rajan M (2018b) Synthesis of morphology tuning multi mineral substituted apatite nanocrystals by novel natural deep eutectic solvents. Mater Discov 9:11–15
Guo BL, Ma PX (2014) Synthetic biodegradable functional polymers for tissue engineering: a brief review. Sci China Chem 57(4):490–500
Hajiali F, Tajbakhsh S, Shojaei A (2018) Fabrication and properties of polycaprolactone composites containing calcium phosphate-based ceramics and bioactive glasses in bone tissue engineering: a review. Polym Rev 1558–3716
Hassan MI, Sultana N, Hamdan S (2014) Bioactivity assessment of poly(ɛ-caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite electrospun fibers for bone tissue engineering application. J Nanomater 573238:1–6
He P, Ng K, Toh S, Goh J (2012) In vitro ligament-bone interface regeneration using a trilineage coculture system on a hybrid silk scaffold. Biomacromolecules 13:2692–2703
Hench LL, Andersson O, Wilson J (eds) (1993) An introduction to bioceramics. In: Bioactive glasses, vol 1. World Scientific Publishing, pp 139–180
Hossein J, Ensieh Ghasemain L, Thomas JW, Roshanak R, Yadollah A (2017) A review of drug delivery systems based on nanotechnogy and green chemistry green nanomedicine. Int J Nanomed 12:2957–2978
Hu W, Yu H (2013) Coelectrospinning of chitosan/alginate fibers by dual-jet system for modulating material surfaces. Carbohydr Polym 95:716–727
Hunter K, Ma T (2013) In vitro evaluation of hydroxyapatite-chitosan-gelatin composite membrane in guided tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 101:1016–1025
Illa MP, Khandelwal M, Sharma CS (2018) Bacterial cellulose-derived carbon nanofibers as anode for lithium-ion batteries. Emergent Mater 1(3–4):1–6
Isikli C, Hasirci V, Hasirci N (2012) Development of porous chitosan-gelatin/hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for hard tissue-engineering applications. J Tissue Eng Regenerative Med 6(2):135–143
Jansson PE, Lindberg B, Sandford P (1983) Molecular origin for the thermal stability of S-88 gum produced by Pseudomonas. Carbohydr Res 124:135–139
Jianchao Z, Ping L (2012) The review on electrospun gelatin fiber scaffold. J Res Updates Polym Sci 1:59–71
Jiaxzhen Z, Jingyi N, Qirong Z, Youliang L, Zhengke W, Qiaoling H (2014) Preparation and characterization of bionic bone structure chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Poly Res 25:61–74
Jose MV, Thomas V, Johnson KT, Dean DR, Nyairo E (2009) Aligned PLGA/HA nanofibrous nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 5(1):305–315
Junxing L, Aihua H, Jianfen Z, Charles CH (2006) Gelatin and gelatin–hyaluronic acid nanofibrous membranes produced by electrospinning of their aqueous solutions. Biomacromolecules 7:2243–2247
Kaito T, Myoui A, Takaoka K, Saito N, Nishikawa M, Tamai N, Ohgushi H, Yoshikawa H (2005) Potentiation of the activity of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in bone regeneration by a PLA–PEG/hydroxyapatite composite. Biomaterials 26(1):73–79
Kane RJ, Weiss-Bilka HE, Meagher MJ, Liu Y, Gargac JA, Niebur GL, Wagner DR, Roeder RK (2015) Hydroxyapatite reinforced collagen scaffolds with improved architecture and mechanical properties. Acta Biomater 17:16–25
Kang K, Veeder G (1982) Gellan polysaccharide S-60 and bacterial fermentation process for its preparation. US 4326053A
Kang E, Choi Y, Chae S, Moon J, Chang J, Lee S (2012) Microfluidic spinning of flat alginate fibers with grooves for cell-aligning scaffolds. Adv Mater 24:4271–4277
Khan M, Islam J, Khan M (2012) Fabrication and characterization of gelatin-based biocompatible porous composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 100:3020–3028
Khanarian N, Jiang J, Wan L, Mow V, Lu H (2012) A hydrogel-mineral composite scaffold for osteochondral interface tissue engineering. Tissue Eng 18:533–545
Kim UJ, Park J, Kim HJ, Wada M, Kaplan DL (2005) Three-dimensional aqueous- derived biomaterial scaffolds from silk fibroin. Biomaterials 26:2775–2785
Kim HJ, Kim UJ, Kim HS, Li C, Wada M, Leisk GG, Kaplan DL (2008) Bone tissue engineering with premineralized silk scaffolds. Bone 42:1226–1234
Kim B, Kim J, Chung Y, Sin Y, Ryu K, Lee J, You H (2013) Growth and osteogenic differentiation of alveolar human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite fabric. J Biomed Mater Res A 101:1550–1558
Klesing J, Wiehe A, Gitter B, Grafe S, Epple M (2010) Positively charged calcium phosphate/polymer nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy. J Mater Sci Mater Med 21(3):887–892
Kolanthai E, Ganesan K, Epple M, Narayana Kalkura S (2016) Synthesis of nanosized hydroxyapatite/agarose powders for bonefiller and drug delivery application. Mater Today Commun 8:31–40
Kondiah PJ, Choonara YE, Kondiah PP, Marimuthu T, Kumar P, du Toit LC, Pillay V (2016) A review of injectable polymeric hydrogel systems for application in bone tissue engineering. Molecules 21(11):1580
Kopp M, Rotan O, Papadopoulos C, Schulze N, Meyer H, Epple M (2017) Delivery of the autofluorescent protein R-phycoerythrin by calcium phosphate nanoparticles into four different eukaryotic cell lines (HeLa, HEK293T, MG-63, MC3T3): highly efficient, but leading to endolysosomal proteolysis in HeLa and MC3T3 cells. PLoS One 12(6):0178260
Kutikov AB, Reyer KA, Song J (2013) Shape-memory performance of thermoplastic amphiphilic triblock copolymer poly(d, l-lactic acid-co-ethylene glycol-co-d, l-lactic acid) (PELA)/hydroxyapatite composites filled with nanometer calcium carbonate. J Macromol Sci Part B Phys 52(7):964–972
Lan L, Shuang Y, Miron RJ, Junchao W, Yufeng Z, Meng Z (2014) In vitro characterization of PBLG-g-HA/PLLA nanocomposite scaffolds. J Wuhan Univ Technol Mater Sci Ed 29(4):841–847
Lee G, Park J, Shin U, Kim H (2011) Direct deposited porous scaffolds of calcium phosphate cement with alginate for drug delivery and bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 7:3178–3186
Lee SU, Min KH, Jeong SY, Bae H, Lee SC (2013) Calcium phosphate-reinforced photosensitizer-loaded polymer nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy. Chem Asian J 8(12):3222–3229
Li RH (1998) Materials for immunoisolated cell transplantation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 133:87–109
Li C, Vepari C, Jin HJ, Kim HJ, Kaplan DL (2006) Electrospun silk-BMP-2 scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 27:3115–3124
Liao F, Chen Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Shi B, Gong Z, Cheng X (2010) A novel bioactive three-dimensional beta-tricalcium phosphate/chitosan scaffold for periodontal tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med 21:489–496
Liu TY, Chen SY, Li JH, Liu DM (2006) Study on drug release behaviour of CDHA/chitosan nanocomposites-effect of CDHA nanoparticles. J Control Release 112(1):88–95
Liu L, Liu JY, Kong XD, Cai YR, Yao JM (2011) Porous composite scaffolds of hydroxyapatite/ silk fibroin via two-step method. Polym Adv Technol 22:909–914
Liu Y, Sakai S, Taya M (2012) Production of endothelial cell-enclosing alginate-based hydrogel fibers with a cell adhesive surface through simultaneous cross-linking by horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed reaction in a hydrodynamic spinning process. J Biosci Bioeng 114:353–359
Liu M, Zeng X, Ma C, Yi H, Ali Z, Mou X, Li S, Deng Y, He N (2017) Injectable hydrogels for cartilage and bone tissue engineering. Bone Res 5(17014):1–16
Luo Y, Lode A, Gelinsky M (2013) Direct plotting of three-dimensional hollow fiber scaffolds based on concentrated alginate pastes for tissue engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2:777–783
Madhumathi K, Jeevana Rekha L, Sampath Kumar TS (2018) Tailoring antibiotic release for the treatment of periodontal infrabony defects using bioactive gelatin alginate/apatite nanocompositefilms. J Drug Delivery Sci Technol 43:57–64
Maehara H, Sotome S, Yoshii T, Torigoe I, Kawasaki Y, Sugata Y, Yuasa M, Hirano M, Mochizuki N, Kikuchi M (2010) Repair of large osteochondral defects in rabbits using porous hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAp/Col) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). J Orthop Res 28:677–686
Mano JF, Silva GA, Azevedo HS, Malafaya PB, Sousa RA, Silva SS, Boesel LF, Oliveira JM, Santos TC, Marques AP, Neves NM, Reis RL (2007) Natural origin biodegradable systems in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: present status and some moving trends. J R Soc Interface 4:999–1030
Marino A, Tonda-Turo C, De Pasquale D, Ruini F, Genchi G, Nitti S, Cappello V, Gemmi M, Mattoli V, Ciardelli G (2016) Gelatin/nanoceria nanocomposite fibers as antioxidant scaffolds for neuronal regeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) Gen Subj 1861:386–395
McCarthy G (2017) Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, hydroxyapatite, and miscellaneous crystals. In: Primer on the rheumatic diseases. Springer Link, pp 263–270
Meng T, Yi C, Liu L, Karim A, Gong X (2018) Enhanced thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional conjugated polymers. Emergent Mater 1(1–2):1–0
Mi P, Dewi N, Yanagie H, Kokuryo D, Suzuki M, Sakurai Y, Li Y, Aoki I, Ono K, Takahashi H, Cabral H, Nishiyama N, Kataoka K (2015) Hybrid calcium phosphate-polymeric micelles incorporating gadolinium chelates for imaging-guided gadolinium neutron capture tumor therapy. ACS Nano 9(6):5913–5921
Min KH, Lee HJ, Kim K, Kwon IC, Jeong SY, Lee SC (2012) The tumor accumulation and therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin carried in calcium phosphate-reinforced polymer nanoparticles. Biomaterials 23:5788–5797
Mousa M, Evans ND, Oreffo ROC, Dawson JI (2018) Clay nanoparticles for regenerative medicine and biomaterial design: a review of clay bioactivity. Biomaterials 159:204–214
Muthu Vignesh V, Arunpandian B, Aruna Priyadharshini S, Agnes Aruna J, Saravana Kumar J, Selvkumar M, Hemanth M, Eko S, Mustafa Y (2015) Tangible nanocomposites with diverse properties for heart valve application. Sci Technol Adv Mater 16:033504
Neelgund GM, Oki AR (2016) Influence of carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets on photothermal effect of hydroxyapatite. J Colloid Interface Sci 484:135–145
Neumann S, Kovtun A, Dietzel ID, Epple M, Heumann R (2009) The use of size-defined DNA-functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles to minimise intracellular calcium disturbance during transfection. Biomaterials 30:6794–6802
Nguyen T, Lee B (2012) Fabrication of oxidized alginate-gelatin-BCP hydrogels and evaluation of the microstructure, material properties and biocompatibility for bone tissue regeneration. J Biomater Appl 27:311–321
Nguyen D, McCanless J, Mecwan M, Noblett A, Haggard W, Smith R (2013) Balancing mechanical strength with bioactivity in chitosan–calcium phosphate 3D microphhere scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: air-vs freeze drying processes. J Biomater Sci Polym 24:1071–1083
Niu L, Zou R, Liu QD, Li QL, Chen XM, Chen ZQ (2012) A novel nanocomposite particle of hydroxyapatite and silk fibroin: biomimetic synthesis and its biocompatibility. J Nanomater 729457(2010):1–7
Nomoto T, Fukushima S, Kumagai M, Inoue A, Mi P, Maeda Y, Toh K, Matsumoto Y, Morimoto Y, Kishimura A, Nishiyama N, Kataoka K (2016) Calcium phosphate-based organic–inorganic hybrid nanocarriers with pH-responsive on/off switch for photodynamic therapy. Biomater Sci 4:826–838
Nouri A, Castro R, Santos JL, Fernandes C, Rodrigues J, Tomas H (2012) Calcium phosphate-mediated gene delivery using simulated body fluid (SBF). Int J Pharm 434:199–208
Oh S, Oh N, Appleford M, Ong JL (2006) Bioceramics for tissue engineering applications—a review. Am J Biochem Biotechnol 2(2):49–56
Park J, Lee E, Knowles J, Kim H (2014) Preparation of in situ hardening composite microcarriers: calcium phosphate cement combined with alginate for bone regeneration. J Biomater Appl 28:1079–1084
Park JE, Jang YS, Park IS, Jeon JG, Bae TS, Lee MH (2017) The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites on biocompatibility. Adv Compos Mater 27:53–65
Peng H, Yin Z, Liu H, Chen X, Feng B, Yuan H, Su B, Ouyang H, Zhang Y (2012) Electrospun biomimetic scaffold of hydroxyapatite/chitosan supports enhanced osteogenic differentiation of mMSCs. Nanotechnology 23:485102
Phipps MC, Xu YY, Bellis SL (2012) Delivery of platelet-derived growth factor as a chemotactic factor for mesenchymal stem cells by bone-mimetic electrospun scaffolds. PLoS ONE 7(7):e40831
Pina S, Oliveira JM, Reis RL (2015) Natural-based nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: a review. Adv Mater 27:1143–1169
Pistone A, Iannazzo D, Panseri S, Montesi M, Tampieri A, Galvagno S (2014a) Hydroxyapatite-magnetite-MWCNT nanocomposite as a biocompatible multifunctional drug delivery system for bone tissue engineering. Nanotechnology 25(42):425701
Pistone A, Iannazzo D, Panseri S, Montesi M, Tampieri A, Galvagno S (2014) Hydroxyapatite-magnetite-MWCNT nanocomposite as a biocompatible multifunctional drug delivery system for bone tissue engineering. Nanotechnology 25:425701, 1–9
Ponnamma D, Erturk A, Parangusan H, Deshmukh K, Basheer Ahamed M, Al-Maadeed MAA (2018) Stretchable quaternary phasic PVDF-HFP nanocomposite films containing graphene-titania-SrTiO3 for mechanical energy harvesting. Emergent Mater 1(1–2):55–65
Popelka A, Sobolčiak P, Mrlík M, Nogellova Z, Chodák I, Ouederni M, Al-Maadeed MA, Krupa I (2018) Foamy phase change materials based on linear low-density polyethylene and paraffin wax blends. Emergent Mater 1(1–2):47–54
Qiu C, Chen M, Yan H, Wu HK (2007) Generation of uniformly sized alginate microparticles for cell encapsulation by using a soft-lithography approach. Adv Mater 19:1603–1607
Raina DB, Larsson D, Mrkonjic F, Isaksson H, Kumar A, Lidgren L, Tagil M (2018) Gelatin-hydroxyapatite-calcium sulphate based biomaterial for long term sustained delivery of bone morphogenic protein-2 and zoledronic acid for increased bone formation: in-vitro and in-vivo carrier properties. J Control Release 272:83–96
Ramadas M, Bharath G, Ponpandian N, Ballamurugan AM (2017) Investigation on biophysical properties of Hydroxyapatite/Graphene oxide (HAp/GO) based binary nanocomposite for biomedical applications. Mater Chem Phys 199:179–184
Ramirez-Agudelo R, Scheuermann K, Gala-Garcia A, Monteiro APF, Pinzon-Garcia AD, Cortes ME, Sinisterra RD (2018) Hybrid nanofibers based on poly-caprolactone/gelatin/hydroxyapatite nanoparticles-loaded Doxycycline: effective antitumoral and antibacterial activity. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 83:25–34
Rao SH, Harini B, Shadamarshan RPK, Balagangadharan K, Selvamurugan N (2017) Natural and synthetic polymers/bioceramics/bioactive compounds-mediated cell signaling in bone tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 17:32128–32131
Reddy R, Swamy MKS (2005) The use of hydroxyapatite as a bone graft substitute in orthopaedic conditions. Miscellaneous 39(1):52–54
Roul J, Mohapatra R, Sahoo SK, Tribhuvan N (2012) Design and characterization of novel biodegradable polymer-clay-hydroxyapatite nanocomposites for drug delivery applications. Asian J Biomed Pharm Sci 2(11):19–23
Samaneh S, Samandari S (2017) Biocompatible nanocomposite scaffolds based on copolymergrafted chitosan for bone tissue engineering with drug delivery capability. Mater Sci Eng C C75:721–732
Samira J, Khosro A (2015) Application of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle in the drug delivery systems. Mol Pharm J Org Process Res 3(1):1000–1118
Sara Borrego G, Lilian B, Romero S, Jesus B, Aranzazu D (2018) Nanostructured hybrid device mimicking bone extracellular matrix as local and sustained antibiotic delivery system. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 256:165–176
Seeherman H, Wozney JM (2005) Delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins for orthopedic tissue regeneration. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 16(3):329–345
Seyedjafari E, Soleimani M, Ghaemi N, Shabani I (2010) Nanohydroxyapatite-coated electrospun poly(l-lactide) nanofibers enhance osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and induce ectopic bone formation. Biomacromolecules 11(11):3118–3125
Shi P, Zuo Y, Li X, Zou Q, Liu H, Zhang L, Li Y, Morsi YS (2010) Gentamicin-impregnated chitosan/nanohydroxyapatite/ethyl cellulose microspheres granules for chronic osteomyelitis therapy. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 93(3):1020–1031
Song W, Markel DC, Wang S, Shi T, Mao G, Ren W (2012) Electrospun polyvinyl alcohol–collagen–hydroxyapatite nanofibers: a biomimetic extracellular matrix for osteoblastic cells. Nanotechnology 23(11):115101, 1–16
Song W, Yu X, Markel DC, Shi T, Ren W (2013) Coaxial PCL/PVA electrospun nanofibers: osseointegration enhancer and controlled drug release device. Biofabrication 5(035006):1–11
Sotome S, Uemura T, Kikuchi M, Chen J, Itoh S, Tanaka J, Tateishi T, Shinomiya K (2004) Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of a novel hydroxyapatite/collagen alginate as a bone filler and a drug delivery carrier of bone morphogenetic protein. Mater Sci Eng C 24:341–347
Suganya S, Venugopal J, Ramakrishna S, Lakshmi B, Dev V (2014) Aloe vera/silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite incorporated electrospun nanofibrous scaffold for enhanced osteogenesis. J Biomater Tissue Eng 4:9–19
Sumathra M, Rajan M (2017) Greener synthesis of nano hydroxyapatite using fatty acids template for the application of tissue engineering nano hydroxyapatite: fatty acids synthesis and characterizations. J Mol Pharm Org Process Res 5(1):1000136, 1–4
Sumathra M, Rajan M, Alyahya SA, Alharbi NS, Shine K, Suresh Kumar S (2017a) Development of self-repair Nano-rod scaffold materials for implantation of osteosarcoma affected bone tissue. New J Chem 42:725–735
Sumathra M, Govindaraj D, Jeyaraj M, Arfaj AA, Munusamy MA, Suresh Kumar S, Rajan M (2017b) Sustainable pectin fascinating hydroxyapatite nanocomposite scaffolds to enhance tissue regeneration. Sustain Chem Pharm 5:46–53
Sumathra M, Munusamy MA, Alarfaj AA, Rajan M (2018a) Osteoblast response to Vitamin D3 loaded cellulose enriched hydroxyapatite Mesoporous silica nanoparticles composite. Biomed Pharmacother 103:858–868
Sumathra M, Munusamy MA, Alarfaj AA, Rajan M (2018b) A phosphorylated chitosanarmed hydroxyapatite nanocomposite for advancing activity on osteoblast and osteosarcoma cells. New J Chem. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8nj01316k
Sumathra M, Sadasivuni KK, Suresh Kumar S, Rajan M (2018c) Cisplatin-Loaded graphene oxide/chitosan/hydroxyapatite composite as a promising tool for osteosarcoma-affected bone regeneration. ACS Omega 3(11):14620–14633
Sun B, Tran KK, Shen H (2009) Enabling customization of non-viral gene delivery systems for individual cell types by surface-induced mineralization. Biomaterials 30(31):6386–6393
Tanaka T, Hirose M, Kotobuki N, Ohgushi H, Furuzono T, Sato J (2007) Nano-scaled hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin sheets support osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal cells. Mater Sci Eng C 27(4):817–823
Tanase C, Sartoris A, Popa M, Verestiuc L, Unger R, Kirkpatrick C (2013) In vitro evaluation of biomimetic chitosan–calcium phosphate scaffolds with potential application in bone tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 8:025002
Tetteh G, Khan AS, Delaine-Smith RM, Reilly GC, Rehman IU (2014) Electrospun polyurethane/hydroxyapatite bioactive Scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: the role of solvent and hydroxyapatite particles. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 39:95–110
Thien DVH, Ho MH, Hsiao SW, Wet CHL (2015) Chemical process to enhance osteoconductivity of electrospun chitosan nanofibers. J Mater Sci 50(4):1575–1585
Unger RE, Wolf M, Peters K, Motta A, Migliaresi C, Kirkpatrick CJ (2004) Growth of human cells on a non-woven silk fibroin net: a potential for use in tissue engineering. Biomaterials 25:1069–1075
Vekatesan J, Kim SK (2014) Nano-hydroxyapatite composite biomaterials for bone tissue engineering—a review. J Biomed Nanotechnol 10(10):3124–3140
Venkatasubbu GD, Ramasamy S, Ramakrishnan V, Kumar J (2011) Hydroxyapatite-alginate nanocomposite as drug delivery matrix for sustained release of ciprofloxacin. J Biomed Nanotechnol 7(6):759–767
Villa MM (2015) Bone tissue engineering with a collagen–hydroxyapatite scaffold and culture expanded bone marrow stromal cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 103(2):243–253
Wang X, Li W (2016) Biodegradable mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres for drug delivery and bone tissue regeneration. Nanotechnology 27(22):225102
Wang HL, Zuo Y, Zhang L, Yang WH, Zou Q, Zhou S, Li YB (2010) Preparation and characterisation of nanohydroxyapatite–sodium alginate–polyvinyl alcohol composite scaffold’. Mater Res Innov 14(5):375–380
Wang L, Li C, Chen Y, Dong S, Chen X, Zhou Y (2013) Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid/nanohydroxyapatite scaffold containing chitosan microspheres with adrenomedullin delivery for modulation activity of osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells. Biomed Res Int 530712:1–13
Wang Z, Wang Y, Ito Y, Zhang P, Chen X (2016) A comparative study on the in vivo degradation of poly(L-lactide) based composite implants for bone fracture fixation. Sci Rep 6:20770
Wu C-J, Gaharwar AK, Schenailder PJ, Gudrum Schmidt C (2010) Development of Biomedical polymer-silicate nanocomposites: a materials science perspective. Material 3:2986–30056
Wu SY, An SSA, Hulme J (2015) Current applications of graphene oxide in nanomedicine. Int J Nanomed 10(Spec Iss):9–24
Zafar M, Najeeb S, Khurshid Z, Vazirzadeh M, Zohaib S, Najeeb B, Sefat F (2016) Potential of electrospun nano fibers for biomedical and dental applications. Materials (Basel) 9(2):73, 1–21
Zhang BP, Tang SH, Zhang L, Ren-Fa L, Lu HF, Jin AM, Wang XD (2011) J Clin Rehabilit Tissue Eng Res (CRTER) 15:3871 (Wiely Publication)
Zhang J, Nie J, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang Z, Hu Q (2014) Difference between chitosan hydrogels via alkaline and acidic solvent systems. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 25:61–74
Zhao L, Weir M, Xu H (2010) An injectable calcium phosphate-alginate hydrogel-umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell paste for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 31:6502–6510
Zheng Y, Monty J, Linhardt RJ (2015) Polysaccharide-based nanocomposites and their applications. Carbohyd Res 405:23–32
Zhijiang C, Cong Z, Jie G, Qing Z, Kongyin Z (2018) Electrospun carboxyl multi-walled carbon nanotubes grafted polyhydroxybutyrate composite nanofibers membrane scaffolds: preparation, characterization and cytocompatibility. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2:29–40
Zhou Z, Li H, Wang K, Guo Q, Li C, Jiang H, Hu Y, Oupicky D, Sun M (2017) Bioreducible cross-linked hyaluronic acid/calcium phosphate hybrid nanoparticles for specific delivery of siRNA in melanoma tumor therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9(17):14576–14589
Zhu M, Zhang J, Tao C, He X, Zhu Y (2014) Design of mesoporous bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite composites for controllable co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and proteins. Mater Lett 115:194–197
Zohaib K, Mhammad Z, Saad Q, Sana Shahab, Mustafa N, Ammar A (2014) Advances in nanotechnology for rregenerative dentistry. Mater Basel 2015(2):717–731
Zuo G, Wan Y, Zhang Y (2012) Preparation and characterization of a novel laminated magnetic hydroxyapatite for application on gene delivery. Mater Lett 68:225–227
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rajan, M., Sumathra, M. (2019). Biomedical Applications of Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites. In: Sadasivuni, K., Ponnamma, D., Rajan, M., Ahmed, B., Al-Maadeed, M. (eds) Polymer Nanocomposites in Biomedical Engineering . Lecture Notes in Bioengineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04741-2_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04741-2_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-04740-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-04741-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)