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Investigation on the Effect of Lead (Pb) on the Degradation Behavior of Passive Films on Alloy 800

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Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors

Part of the book series: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series ((MMMS))

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Abstract

Alloy 800 has been demonstrated to be susceptible to Pb-induced degradation such as stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in laboratory experiments. Pb has been proposed to cause such degradation by affecting the formation of protective oxides comprising the passive films on the alloys. To understand the detrimental effects of Pb, Alloy 800 samples pre-passivated under all volatile treatment (AVT) conditions were exposed to alkaline environment of pH280 °C 9.5 at 280 °C in the absence and presence of Pb. The Pb-free and Pb-containing passivated surfaces, along with bare surfaces as control samples, were characterized using electrochemical and surface analytical techniques. The results contrast the susceptibility of Alloy 800 to Pb-induced degradation reported in literature, where experiments are usually performed on bare surfaces with excess Pb, typically as PbO, present in the aqueous solutions; suggesting that the effect of Pb depends on whether it is present in solution or incorporated in the film.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    CANDU®—Registered trademark of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL).

  2. 2.

    In laboratory investigations, sample surfaces are abraded and are considered to be clean and oxide-free; but an air-formed film cannot be avoided and it is the air-formed film that gets exposed to the high temperature aqueous environment.

  3. 3.

    ppm—parts per million by mass (mg kg−1).

  4. 4.

    ppb—parts per billion by mass (µg kg−1).

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Acknowledgements

Many thanks are due to colleagues at CNL, especially A. Audet and H. Chaudhry for performing the room temperature and high temperature electrochemical measurements; C. Mayhew, H. Rudzinski, and B. Payne for the AES and XPS characterization; and J. Smith for review and technical discussion. APT was performed and analyzed by B. Langelier at the Canadian Center for Electron Microscopy, Hamilton.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, 286 Plant Road, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada

    J. Ulaganathan & H. Ha

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  1. J. Ulaganathan
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  2. H. Ha
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Correspondence to J. Ulaganathan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, USA

    John H. Jackson

  2. Naval Nuclear Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Denise Paraventi

  3. Chalk River Laboratories, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, Canada

    Michael Wright

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© 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

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Ulaganathan, J., Ha, H. (2019). Investigation on the Effect of Lead (Pb) on the Degradation Behavior of Passive Films on Alloy 800. In: Jackson, J., Paraventi, D., Wright, M. (eds) Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04639-2_160

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