Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Distribution and Characteristics of Oxide Films Formed on Stainless Steel Cladding on Low Alloy Steel in Simulated PWR Primary Water Environments

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors

Part of the book series: The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series ((MMMS))

Abstract

The properties of oxide film formed on stainless steel (SS) cladding on low alloy steel (LAS) after immersion in simulated PWR primary water environments with different dissolved oxygen contents are investigated. The HAZ in the LAS consist of overheated crystal region, complete recrystallized region and incompletely recrystallized region, while SS cladding consist of austenite zone and austenite and ferrite mixing zone. Pitting appeared on 309L SS after immersion in high temperature water due to the dissolution of inclusions existed previously on 309L SS which contain higher ferrite content. Raman spectra and TEM results show that the outer layer is mainly Fe-rich spinel oxides while the inner layer is mainly Cr-rich oxides. Ni is mainly concentrate at the oxide/substrate interface due to the low oxygen affinity. The inner oxide layer on 308L SS is thinner than that on 309L SS, implying that ferrite distributed on austenite is not favorable for the growth of oxides. Reducing the oxygen content in PWR primary water favored the formation of spinel oxides.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. K.S. Kim et al., Residual stress analysis of an overlay weld and a repair weld on the dissimilar butt weld. Nucl. Eng. Des. 239(12), 2771–2777 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. H. Xue et al., The effect of single tensile overload on stress corrosion cracking growth of stainless steel in a light water reactor environment. Nucl. Eng. Des. 241(3), 731–738 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. J.C. Lippold, D.J. Kotecki, Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Stainless Steels (Wiley, New Jersey, NJ, 2015), p. 376

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. Kaçar, O. Baylan, An investigation of microstructure property relationships in dissimilar welds between martensitic and austenitic stainless steels. Mater. Des. 25(4), 317–329 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. K.H. Lee et al., Analysis of the master curve approach on the fracture toughness properties of SA508 Gr.4 N Ni-Mo-Cr low alloy steels for reactor pressure vessels. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 527(15), 3329–3334 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. G.V. Rao et al., Experience with Bimetallic Weld Cracking. in Proceedings of International Symposium Fontevraud III, (French Nuclear Energy Society, France, 1994) 1, pp. 146–153

    Google Scholar 

  7. O.D. Bouvier, B. Yrieix, Grain Boundary Defects Initiation at the Outer Surface of Dissimilar welds. in Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Plants: Water Reactors meeting, (NACE International, Houston, 1995) 1, pp 93–104

    Google Scholar 

  8. A. Laukkanen et al., Characteristics relevant to ductile failure of bimetallic welds and evaluation of transferability of fracture properties. Nucl. Eng. Des. 237(237), 1–15 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. G.F. Li, E.A. Charles, J. Congleton, Effect of post weld heat treatment on stress corrosion cracking of a low alloy steel to stainless steel transition Weld. Corros. Sci. 43(10), 1963–1983 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. R.H. Khalid et al., Microstructural evolution during friction surfacing of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 on low carbon steel. Metallurg. Mater. Trans. A 44(1), 345–350 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. H.S. Peavy, D.R. Matthews, G. Tchobanoglous, Environmental Engineering (McGraw–Hill Book Company, New York, NY, 1985), p. 694

    Google Scholar 

  12. Y. You, R.K. Shiue, The study of carbon migration in dissimilar welding of the modified 9Cr-1Mo steel. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 20(15), 1429–1432 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. J.W. Fu, Y.S. Yang, J.J. Guo, Formation of a blocky Ferrite in Fe–Cr–Ni alloy during directional solidification. J. Cryst. Growth 331(14), 3661–3666 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. A. Hunter, M. Ferry, Phase formation during solidification of AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel. Scripta Mater. 46(4), 253–258 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. N. Suutala, Effect of solidification conditions on the solidification mode in austenitic stainless steels. Metallurg. Mater. Trans. A 14(1), 191–197 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. S.Q. Zheng et al., Mechanism of (Mg, Al, Ca)-oxide inclusion-induced pitting corrosion in 316L stainless steel exposed to sulphur environments containing chloride Ion. Corros. Sci. 67(1), 20–31 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Elbouj, R.W. Revie, Metallurgical factors in stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). J. Solid State Electrochem. 13(7), 1091–1099 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. C.T. Kwok et al., Pitting and galvanic corrosion behavior of laser-welded stainless steels. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 176(1–3), 168 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. C.T. Kwok, et al., Investigation of Galvanic Corrosion in Laser-Welded Stainless Steel Sheets. in Paper presented at Fifth International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication, 2004, p. 5662

    Google Scholar 

  20. G.D. Han et al., Properties of oxide films formed on 316L SS and model alloys with modified Ni, Cr and Si contents in high temperature water. Corros. Sci. 106, 157–171 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. N. Toshiyasu, K. Toshiaki, Clarification of chemical state for alloying elements in iron rust using a binary-phase potential–pH diagram and physical analyses. Corros. Sci. 45(5), 1073–1084 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Y.J. Kim, P. Andresen, Data quality, issues and guidelines for ECP measurement in high temperature water. Corrosion 59, 584–597 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. B. Beverskog, I. Puigdomenech, Revised pourbaix diagrams for iron at 25–300 °C. Corros. Sci. 38, 2121–2135 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. M.C. Sun et al., Oxidation of 316 stainless steel in supercritical water. Corros. Sci. 51(5), 1069–1072 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. K.I. Choudhry et al., Corrosion of engineering materials in a supercritical water cooled reactor: Characterization of oxide scales on alloy 800H and stainless steel 316. Corros. Sci. 100(11), 222–230 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. N.K. Das et al., Early stage SCC initiation analysis of FCC Fe–Cr–Ni ternary alloy at 288 °C: A quantum chemical molecular dynamics approach. Corros. Sci. 51(4), 908–913 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Q.S. Guo et al., Galvanic effect between ferrite and austenite in 2205 duplex stainless steel. Corros. Protect. 36(12), 1119–1123 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Y. Wang, X.Q. Cheng, X.G. Li, Electrochemical behavior and compositions of passive films formed on the constituent phases of duplex stainless steel without coupling. Electrochem. Commun. 57, 56–60 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Informatization No. T-221715003, National Natural Science Foundation of China (51571138), and the International Cooperative Project sponsored by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality No. 13520721200.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China

    Qi Xiong, Hongjuan Li, Zhanpeng Lu, Junjie Chen, Qian Xiao, Jiarong Ma & Xiangkun Ru

  2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steels, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China

    Qi Xiong, Hongjuan Li, Zhanpeng Lu, Junjie Chen, Qian Xiao, Jiarong Ma & Xiangkun Ru

  3. Key Laboratory for Microstructure, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China

    Zhanpeng Lu & Xue Liang

Authors
  1. Qi Xiong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hongjuan Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhanpeng Lu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Junjie Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Qian Xiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jiarong Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Xiangkun Ru
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Xue Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhanpeng Lu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, USA

    John H. Jackson

  2. Naval Nuclear Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Denise Paraventi

  3. Chalk River Laboratories, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, Canada

    Michael Wright

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

About this paper

Cite this paper

Xiong, Q. et al. (2019). Distribution and Characteristics of Oxide Films Formed on Stainless Steel Cladding on Low Alloy Steel in Simulated PWR Primary Water Environments. In: Jackson, J., Paraventi, D., Wright, M. (eds) Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems – Water Reactors. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04639-2_133

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation