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Advanced Nanostructured Materials for Environmental Remediation pp 189–227Cite as

Polymer-Based Magnetic Nanocomposites for the Removal of Highly Toxic Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solutions

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Part of the book series: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World ((ECSW,volume 25))

Abstract

This review paper focuses on the use of iron oxide nanocomposites for the removal of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), from wastewater. Cr(VI) is very toxic and carcinogenic as compared to Cr(III) and can cause health defects such as liver, lung and kidney damage. It is mostly expelled from untreated or partially treated effluents from mining operation, electroplating and water cooling activities. As a result, these activities produce effluents with higher concentration levels of Cr(VI) than the acceptable discharge limits of 0.1 and 0.05 mg/L in inland surface water and drinking water, respectively, as regulated by the World Health Organisation (WHO). This review paper summarises the performance of different water treatment technologies studied on the last decade. Adsorption technology has emerged as an attractive method for Cr(VI) removal from industrial wastewater amongst the mentioned methods. Hence, the adsorption isotherms and kinetics models are also discussed in this review paper. The factors such as the effect of solution pH, temperature, initial Cr(VI) concentration, adsorbent dosage and other coexisting ions are also briefly discussed. In this review, magnetic polymers reveal good result than other techniques used in water treatment because of its high surface area (surface/volume ratio). It is suggested that these may be used in the future at large-scale water purification. It is also found that the polymer rich with amino groups (polypyrrole and polyaniline) enhanced Cr (VI) removal efficiency. From the results, it is evident that more attention needs to be paid on the industrial application of the technologies which were successful in the laboratory scale. In the future, combination of both copolymers may be the best option for treatment of wastewater.

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Acknowledgements

KDM and MJH would like to thank the National Research Foundation (NRF) (Grant Nos. 99166 and 99278), University of Limpopo (Research Development Grants R202 and R232) and Sasol Inzalo Foundation, South Africa, for the financial support.

Conflict of Interest

We declare there are no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mineral Sciences, University of Limpopo (Turfloop), Polokwane, South Africa

    Mpitloane J. Hato, Thabiso C. Maponya, Kabelo E. Ramohlola, Kwena D. Modibane & Gobeng R. Monama

  2. DST/CSIR Innovation Centre, National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, CSIR Material Science and Manufacturing, Pretoria, South Africa

    Thabiso C. Maponya

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology (Acardia Campus), Pretoria, South Africa

    Katlego Makgopa

  4. Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa

    Mpitloane J. Hato

  5. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abuja, Nigeria

    Abdulhakeem Bello

  6. Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Arjun Maity

  7. DST/CSIR National Center for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria, South Africa

    Arjun Maity

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  1. Mpitloane J. Hato
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Correspondence to Mpitloane J. Hato , Kwena D. Modibane or Katlego Makgopa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mu. Naushad

  2. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tarapacá, Arica, Chile

    Saravanan Rajendran

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Francisco Gracia

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Hato, M.J. et al. (2019). Polymer-Based Magnetic Nanocomposites for the Removal of Highly Toxic Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solutions. In: Naushad, M., Rajendran, S., Gracia, F. (eds) Advanced Nanostructured Materials for Environmental Remediation. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 25. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04477-0_8

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