Skip to main content

The Role of Leaders: The Importance of Leadership

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 7289 Accesses

Part of the book series: Organizational Behaviour in Healthcare ((OBHC))

Abstract

Analysing leadership is more like looking through the lens of a kaleidoscope rather than that of a microscope because with each turn it changes shape and colour and hue. And as leadership theory evolves, it embraces an ever-increasing range of concepts from behavioural to attitudinal, from social-cognitive to contingency, from social exchange to team. There is no shortage of material for those wishing to understand leaders, leadership, and organisational performance; but those seeking best practice will come away from the subject with conditions, sub-clauses and riders. It is important for the leader in any organisation to be clear about the expectations of the position they hold, expectations on the part of the organisation, and expectations on the part of the followers. They will need to understand their own strengths and weaknesses against these expectations and what they need to do to achieve the objectives in their specific organisational context. One way to gain an understanding of the answers to these questions is by personal reflection and insight. The leader of the future is a person with a high level of emotional intelligence who understands their capabilities. Leaders will also need credibility to enable followers to trust and accept the decisions of those in leadership positions and to act accordingly. And finally, leaders know their way around organisational dynamics to ensure that these decisions are successfully implemented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aga, D. A. (2016). Transactional Leadership and Project Success: The Moderating Role of Goal Clarity. Procedia Computer Science, 100 (International Conference on ENTERprise Information Systems/International Conference on Project MANagement/International Conference on Health and Social Care Information Systems and Technologies, CENTERIS/ProjMAN/HCist 2016), 517–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.09.190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alatwi, M. A. (2017). The Myth of the Additive Effect of the Transformational Leadership Model. Contemporary Management Research, 13(1), 19–29. ISSN:1813-5498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alimo-Metcalfe, B., & Alban-Metcalfe, J. (2003, March 16). Under the Influence. People Management, 9, 32–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, K. A. (2017). Transformational Leadership and Employee Psychological Well-Being: A Review and Directions for Future Research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 381–393. ISSN:1076-8998.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babić, V. M., Savović, S. D., & Domanović, V. M. (2014). Transformational Leadership and Post-acquisition Performance in Transitional Economies. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 27(6), 856. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-02-2014-0028.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baltaci, F., Kavacik, M., Şentürk, F. K., & Kurare, I. (2014). The Effect of Leadership Behaviors on Job Satisfaction: A Research on Four and Five Stars Hotels Employees in Alanya. Abant Izzet Baysal University Journal of Social Sciences/Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 14(2), 59. ISSN:1303-0035.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banks, G. C., Engemann, K. N.,Williams, E., Gooty, J., McCauly, K. D., & Medaugh, M. R. (2017). A Meta-analytic Review and Future Research Agenda of Charismatic Leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(4), 508–529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2016.12.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational Leadership and Organisational Culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 1(17), 112–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bass, B. M., & Bass, R. (2008). The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications (4th ed.). New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). The Transformational Model of Leadership. In G. R. Hickman (Ed.) (2010). Leading Organisations-Perspectives for a New Era. London: Sage Publications Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bawany, S. (2016). Leading in A VUCA Business Environment. Leadership Excellence Essentials, 33(7), 39–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellé, N. (2014). Leading to Make a Difference: A Field Experiment on the Performance Effects of Transformational Leadership, Perceived Social Impact, and Public Service Motivation. Journal of Public Administration Research & Theory, 24(1), 109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennis, W. (1989). On Becoming a Leader. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennis, W. (1999). The End of Leadership: Exemplary Leadership Is Impossible Without Full Inclusion, Initiatives, and Cooperation of Followers. Organizational Dynamics, 28(1), 71–79. ISSN:0090-2616.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennis, W. (2001). The New Leadership. In S. Crainer & D. Dearlove (Eds.), Financial Times Handbook of Management (2nd ed.). London: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bildstein, I., Gueldenberg, S., & Tjitra, H. (2013). Effective Leadership of Knowledge Workers: Results of an Intercultural Business Study. Management Research Review, 36(8), 788–804. ISSN:2040-8277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boamah, S. A., Spence Laschinger, H. K., Wong, C., & Clarke, S. (2017). Effect of Transformational Leadership on Job Satisfaction and Patient Safety Outcomes. Nursing Outlook. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2017.10.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper and Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burton, L. J., Welty P. J., & Wells, J. E. (2017). The Role of Servant Leadership in Developing an Ethical Climate in Sport Organizations. Journal of Sport Management, 31(3), 229–240. ISSN:0888-4773, 2017-0501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cathcart, E. B., & Greenspan, M. (2013). The Role of Practical Wisdom in Nurse Manager Practice: Why Experience Matters. Journal of Nursing Management, 21(7), 964–970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coetzer, M. F., Bussin, M., & Geldenhuys, M. (2017). The Functions of a Servant Leader. Administrative Sciences, 7(1), 5. ISSN:2076-3387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collins, J. (2001). Good to Great. New York: Harper Business.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conger, J. A. (2004). Developing Leadership Capability: What’s Inside the Black Box? The Academy of Management Executive (1993–2005) [Serial Online], 18(3), 136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conger, J. A. (2008). In G. R. Hickman (Ed.) (2010). Leading Organisations – Perspectives for a New Era. London: Sage Publications Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1987). Toward a Behavioral Theory of Charismatic Leadership in Organizational Settings. Academy of Management Review, 12(4), 637–647. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1987.4306715.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1998). Charismatic Leadership in Organisations. London: Sage Publications.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Conger, J. A., Kanungo, R. N., & Menon, S. T. (2000). Charismatic Leadership and Follower Effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(7), 747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DaCosta, J. (2012). Leadership Models for Healthcare Improvement. British Journal of Healthcare Management, 18(11), 575–580. ISSN:1358-0574.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edger, C. (2012). Effective Multi-Unit Leadership: Local Leadership in Multi-Site Situations. Farnham: Gower Applied Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elkhani, N., Soltani, S., & Ahmad, M. N. (2014). The Effects of Transformational Leadership and ERP System Self-Efficacy on ERP System Usage. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 27(6), 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, P., & Abbott, J. (2015). Exploring the Differences Between Leaders and Managers. Journal of Renal Nursing, 7(2), 2041–1448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis, P., & Bach, S. (2015). Leadership, Management and Team Working. London: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galagan, P. A. (1998). Peter Drucker. Training & Development, 52(9), 22–29. ISSN:1055-9760.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghate, D., Lewis, J., & Welbourn, D. (2013). Systems Leadership: Exceptional Leadership for Exceptional Times Synthesis Paper. ADCS Virtual Staff College. Retrieved from https://www.scie-socialcareonline.org.uk/systems-leadership-exceptional-leadership-for-exceptional-times-synthesis-paper/r/a11G000000537cDIAQ.

  • Goffee, R., & Jones, G. (2006). Why Should Anyone Be Led By You. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goleman, D. (1996). Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bloomsbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goleman, D. (1998). Working with Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenleaf, R. K. (1977). Servant Leadership. In G. R. Hickman (Ed.) (2010). Leading Organisations – Perspectives for a New Era. London: Sage Publications Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grint, K. (2005). Leadership: Limits and Possibilities. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Grint, K. (2007). Learning to Lead; Can Aristotle Help Us Find the Road to Wisdom? Leadership, 3(2), 231–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grint, K. (2010). Wicked Problems and Clumsy Solutions: The Role of Leadership. In S. Brookes & K. Grint (Eds.), The New Public Leadership Challenge (pp. 169–186). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hickman, G. R. (Ed.). (2010). Leading Organisations, Perspectives for a New Era. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hlupic, V. (2014). The Management Shift. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Horney, N., Pasmore, B., & O’shea, T. (2010). Leadership Agility: A Business Imperative for a Vuca World. People & Strategy, 31, 32–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Irving, J. A., & Berndt, J. (2017). Leader Purposefulness Within Servant Leadership: Examining the Effect of Servant Leadership, Leader Follower-Focus, Leader Goal-Orientation, and Leader Purposefulness in a Large U.S. Healthcare Organization. Administrative Sciences, 7(2), 10. ISSN:(2076-3387), 2076-3387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacquart, P., & Antonakis, J. (2015). When Does Charisma Matter for Top Level Leaders? Effect of Attributional Ambiguity. Academy of Management Journal, 58(4), 1051–1074.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jha, S., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2017). Development of a Firm Level Strategic Shared Leadership Scale. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 52(3), 499–515. ISSN:0019-5286.

    Google Scholar 

  • Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta-analytic Test of Their Relative Validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755–768.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser, R. B., McGinnis, J. L., & Overfield, D. V. (2012). The How and the What of Leadership. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 64(2), 119–135. ISSN:1065-9293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaslow, N., Falender, C., & Grus, C. (2012). Valuing and Practicing Competency-Based Supervision: A Transformational Leadership Perspective. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 6(1), 47–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kilburg, R. R., & Donohue, M. D. (2011). Toward a ‘Grand Unifying Theory’ of Leadership: Implications for Consulting Psychology. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 63(1), 6–25. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023053.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kodish, S. (2006). The Paradoxes of Leadership: The Contribution of Aristotle. Leadership, 2(4), 451–468. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715006069175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotter, J. (1990). A Force for Change: How Leadership Differs from Management. New York: The Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2007). The Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacroix, M., & Verdorfer, A. P. (2017). Can Servant Leaders Fuel the Leadership Fire? The Relationship Between Servant Leadership and Followers’ Leadership Avoidance. Administrative Sciences, 7(1), 6. ISSN:2076-3387, 2076-3387.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee-Davies, L., Kakabadse, N. K., & Kakabadse, A. (2007). Shared Leadership: Leading Through Polylogue. Business Strategy Series, 8(4), 246–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Furst-Holloway, S., Gales, L., Masterson, S. S., & Blume, B. D. (2017). Not All Transformational Leadership Behaviors Are Equal: The Impact of Followers’ Identification with Leader and Modernity on Taking Charge. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 24(3), 318–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liden, R., Wayne, S. J., Chenwei, L., & Meuser, J. D. (2014). Servant Leadership and Serving Culture: Influence on Individual and Unit Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 57(5), 1434–1452. ISSN:0001-4273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longenecker, C. O., & Longenecker, P. D. (2014). Why Hospital Improvement Efforts Fail: A View from the Front Line. Journal of Healthcare Management, 59(2), 147–157. ISSN:1096-9012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lord, R. G., Day, D. V., Zaccaro, S. J., Avolio, B. J., & Eagly, A. H. (2017). Leadership in Applied Psychology: Three Waves of Theory and Research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 434–451. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000089.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, M. (2000). Understanding the Difference Between Management and Leadership. Research Technology Management, 43(1), 57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mintzberg, H. (2011). Managing. London: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ng, T. W. H. (2017). Transformational Leadership and Performance Outcomes: Analyses of Multiple Mediation Pathways. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(3), 385–417. ISSN:1048-9843, 2017-0601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • NHS Education for Scotland. (2016). Systems Thinking and Systems Leadership. Retrieved from http://www.central.knowledge.scot.nhs.uk/Leadership/systems.html.

  • NHS England. (2014). Five Year Forward View. Retrieved from https://www.england.nhs.uk/five-year-forward-view.

  • NHS England. (2017). Next Steps on the NHS Five Year Forward View. Retrieved from https://www.england.nhs.uk/publication/next-steps-on-the-nhs-five-year-forward-view.

  • NHS Improvement. (2016). Developing People; Improving Care. Retrieved from https://improvement.nhs.uk/resources/developing-people-improving-care.

  • Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership, Theory and Practice (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, S. K., Davis, R. S., Pandey, S., & Peng, S. (2016). Transformational Leadership and the Use of Normative Public Values: Can Employees Be Inspired to Serve Larger Public Purposes? Public Administration, 94(1), 204–222. ISSN:0033-3298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raes, E., Decuyper, S., Lismont, B., den Bossche, P., Kyndt, E., Demeyere, S., et al. (2013). Facilitating Team Learning Through Transformational Leadership. Instructional Science, 41(2), 287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-012-9228-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raj, R., & Srivastava, K. B. L. (2016). Transformational Leadership and Innovativeness: The Mediating Role of Organizational Learning. Journal of Management Research, 16(4), 201–219. ISSN:0972-5814.

    Google Scholar 

  • Redknap, R., Twigg, D., Rock, D., & Towell, A. (2015). Nursing Practice Environment: A Strategy for Mental Health Nurse Retention? International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 24(3), 262–271. ISSN:1445-8330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez, A., & Rodriguez, Y. (2015). Metaphors for Today’s Leadership: VUCA World, Millennial and ‘Cloud Leaders’. Journal of Management Development, 34(7), 854–866. ISSN:0262-1711, 2015-0101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarto, F., & Veronesi, G. (2016). Clinical Leadership and Hospital Performance: Assessing the Evidence Base. BMC Health Services Research, 16, 85–97. ISSN:1472-6963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scully, N. J. (2015). Leadership in Nursing: The Importance of Recognising Inherent Values and Attributes to Secure a Positive Future for the Profession. Collegian, 22(4), 439–444. ISSN:1322-7696.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Senge, P. (2006). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organisation (2nd ed.). London: Random House Business Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stackman, R. W., & Devine, K. (2011). Leadership and “Emotional-Rational” Coherence: A Start? Editor’s Introduction. Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(1), 42–44. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMP.2011.59198448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suk, Bong Choi, Kihwan Kim, & Seung-Wan Kang. (2017). Effects of Transformational and Shared Leadership Styles on Employees’ Perception of Team Effectiveness. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 45(3), 377–386. ISSN:0301-2212, 2017-0301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun, J., Chen, X., & Zhang, S. (2017). A Review of Research Evidence on the Antecedents of Transformational Leadership. Education Sciences, 7, 15. ISSN:2017-0101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Team Performance. (2009). Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership of Supervisors: The Impact on Team Effectiveness. Team Performance Management, 15(7/8), 343–356. ISSN:1352-7592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The King’s Fund. (2011). The Future of Leadership and Management in the NHS: No More Heroes. Retrieved from https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/blog/2011/05/no-more-heroes-lesson-our-future-leaders.

  • Thorpe, R., Gold, J., & Lawler, J. (2011). Locating Distributed Leadership. International Journal of Management Reviews, 13(3), 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00303.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Timmins, N. (2015). The Practice of System Leadership: Being Comfortable with Chaos. The Kings Fund. Retrieved from https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/practice-system-leadership.

  • Valenziano, K. B. (2015). Wisdom Leadership in Academic Health Science Centers: Leading Positive Change. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 29(1), 87. https://doi.org/10.3109/13561820.2014.948317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Welford, C. (2002). Transformational Leadership in Nursing: Matching Theory to Practice. Nursing Management – UK, 9(4), 7–11. ISSN:1354-5760.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • West, M. A., Borrill, C. S., Dawson, J. F., Brodbeck, F., Shapiro, D. A., & Haward, B. (2003). Leadership Clarity and Team Innovation in Health Care. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(4–5), 393–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(03)00044-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • West, M., Eckert, R., Steward, K., & Pasmore, B. (2014). Developing Collective Leadership for Health Care. The Kings Fund. Retrieved from https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/developing-collective-leadership-health-care.

  • Western, S. (2008). Leadership, a Critical Text. London: Sage Publications Ltd.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Yukl, G. (2010). Leadership in Organisations. London: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paul Turner .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Turner, P. (2019). The Role of Leaders: The Importance of Leadership. In: Leadership in Healthcare. Organizational Behaviour in Healthcare. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04387-2_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics