Abstract
The heliosphere—the volume in space that is dominated by the Sun’s magnetism and the solar wind—meets the interstellar plasma and magnetic fields at the heliopause, crossed by the space probe Voyager 1 in 2012 some 122 AU from the Sun. Magnetic fields in the Sun itself include those centered on sunspots as well as those that apply to the Sun as a whole and that influence both its internal dynamics and the behaviour of the other bodies in the solar system. The Sun’s magnetism is seemingly generated at the tachocline at the base of the convective zone; its reversal roughly every 11 years remains unexplained.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Anderson BJ et al (1998) UARS observations of Birkeland currents and Joule heating rates for the November 4, 1993, storm. J Geophys Res 103:26323–26335
Babcock HW (1961) The topology of the Sun’s magnetic field and the 22-year cycle. Astrophys J 133:572–587
Balogh A, Marsden RG, Smith EJ (2001) The heliosphere near solar minimum. Praxis, Chichester
Birkeland K (1908) The Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition 1902–1903. Aschehoug, New York
Bray RJ, Loughhead RE (1979, first pub 1964) Sunspots. Dover, New York
Carrington RC (1859) Description of a singular appearance seen in the Sun on September 1, 1859. Mon Not R Astr Soc 20: 13–15
Charbonneau P and Smolarkiewicz PK (2013) Modeling the solar dynamo. Science 340:42–43
Cliver EW, Boriakoff V, Bounar KH (1996) The 22-year cycle of geomagnetic and solar wind activity. J Geophys Res 101:27091–27110
Cliver EW, Boriakoff V, Feynman J (1998) Solar variability and climate change: geomagnetic aa index and global surface temperature. Geophys Res Lett 25:1035–1038
Cliver EW, Richardson IG, Ling AG (2013) Solar drivers of 11-year and long-term cosmic ray modulation. Space Sci Rev 176:3–19
Close RM et al (2004) Recycling of the solar corona’s magnetic field. Astrophys J 612:L81–L84a
Collinson GA et al (2015) The impact of a slow interplanetary coronal mass ejection on Venus. J Geophys Res Space Phys 1230:3489–3502
Dialynas K et al (2017) The bubble-like shape of the heliosphere observed by Voyager and Cassini. Nature Astr 1:0115
Dicke RH (1964) The sun’s rotation and relativity. Nature 202:432–435
Edberg NJT et al (2011) Atmospheric erosion on Venus during stormy space weather. J Geophys Res 116:A09308
Einstein A (1922) Sidelights on relativity. Methuen, London
Elliott JR and Gough DO (1999) Calibration of the thickness of the solar tachocline. Astrophys J 516:475–481
Elsasser WM (1947) Induction effects in terrestrial magnetism. Part III. Electric modes. Phys Rev 72:821–833.
Elsasser WM (1956) Hydromagnetism. II. A review. Am J Phys 24:85–110
ESA (2016) The magnetic field along the galactic plane.
Forbush SE (1937) On diurnal variation in cosmic-ray intensity. J Geophys Res 42:1–16
Forbush SE (1954) World-wide cosmic ray variations, 1937–1952. J Geophys Res 59:525–542
Gaensler BM, Beck R, Feretti L (2004) The origin and evolution of cosmic magnetism. arXiv:astro-ph/0409100v2
Giegengack R (2015) The Carrington coronal mass ejection of 1859. Proc Am Phil Soc 159:7–19
Gosling JT et al (1976) Solar wind speed variations: 1962–1974. J Geophys Res 81:5061
Green J et al (2006) Eyewitness reports of the great auroral storm of 1859. Adv Space Res 38:145–154.
Gurnett DA et al (2013) In situ observations of interstellar plasma with Voyager 1. Science 341:1489–1492
Hale GE (1908) On the probable existence of a magnetic field in sun-spots. Astrophys J 27: 315–343
Hale GE et al (1919) The magnetic polarity of sun-spots. Astrophys J 49:153–178
Heyner D et al (2011) Evidence from numerical experiments for a feedback dynamo generating Mercury’s magnetic field. Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science. 1207290
Jakosky BM et al (2015) Initial results from the MAVEN mission to Mars. Geophys Res Lett 42:8791–8802
Jian L et al (2008) Evolution of solar wind structures from 0.72 to 1 AU. Adv Space Res 41:259–266
Larmor J (1919) Possible rotational origin of magnetic fields of sun and earth. Elec Rev 85:415
Lockwood M, Stamper R, Wild MN (1999) A doubling of the Sun’s coronal magnetic field during the past 100 years. Nature 399:437–439
Mayaud PN (1972) The aa indices: a 100-year series characterizing the magnetic activity. J Geophys Res 77:6870–6874
Opher M et al (2015) Magnetized jets driven by the sun: the structure of the heliosphere revisited. Astrophys J Lett 800:7
Owens MJ, Forsyth RJ (2013) The heliospheric magnetic field. Liv Rev Solar Phys 10:5
Parker EN (1955) Hydromagnetic dynamo models. Astrophys J 122: 293–314
Parker EN (1974) The nature of the sunspot phenomenon. Sol Phys 37:127–144
Parker EN (2009) Solar magnetism: the state of our knowledge and ignorance. Space Sci Rev 144:15–24
Rasinkangas R (2008) Geomagnetic activity. Wiki.oulu.fi, retr 24 June 2018
Rosenberg RL, Coleman PJ Jr (1969) Heliographic latitude dependence of the dominant polarity of the interplanetary magnetic field. J Geophys Res 74:5611–5622
Russell CT, McPherron RL (1973) Semiannual variation of geomagnetic activity. J Geophys Res 78:92–108
Stenflo JO (2015) History of solar magnetic fields since George Ellery Hale. arXiv:1508.03312v1 [astro-ph.SR]
Thalmann JK et al (2016) Exceptions to the rule: the X-flares of AR 2192 lacking coronal mass ejections. ASP Conf Ser 504:203–204
Thomas SR, Owens MJ, Lockwood M (2014) Galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere. Astron Geophys 55:5.23–5.25
Thompson MJ (2004) Helioseismology and the Sun’s interior. Astron Geophys 45:4.21–4.25
Thompson MJ et al (2003) The internal rotation of the Sun. Ann Rev Astron Astrophys 41:599–643
Toomre J, Thompson MJ (2015) Prospects and challenges for helioseismology. Space Sci Rev 196:1
Wang Y-M, Sheeley NR Jr (2003) Modeling the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field during the Maunder Minimum. Astrophys J 591:1248–1256
Zhang TL et al (2008) Induced magnetosphere and its outer boundary at Venus. J Geophys Res 113:E00B20
Zhao J-W et al (2013) Detection of equatorward meridional flow and evidence of double-cell meridional circulation inside the Sun. arXiv:1307.8422v1[astro-ph.SR]
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vita-Finzi, C. (2018). Solar Magnetism. In: The Sun Today. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04079-6_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04079-6_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-04078-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-04079-6
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)