Abstract
We review some basic concepts from classical dynamical systems, including equilibria, phase space, trajectories, basins of attraction, stability, and asymptotic stability. We also highlight some recently introduced concepts of basin size and basin entropy. We present subgradient systems as generalizations of gradient systems and connect the equilibria of these to the minimizers of the objective function underlying the system.
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Levy, A.B. (2018). Equilibria in Dynamical Systems. In: Attraction in Numerical Minimization. SpringerBriefs in Optimization. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04049-9_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04049-9_3
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Online ISBN: 978-3-030-04049-9
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