Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Nature and Nurture of EBF Journalism

Audiences, History, Production, Sources, Political Economy and Content

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Political Content of British Economic, Business and Financial Journalism

  • 166 Accesses

Abstract

Although research in economic, business and financial (EBF) journalism has boomed over the last decade, much activity has centred on the 2008 Financial Crisis. While this sub-corpus is undoubtedly useful, studies typically view the episode in isolation. A more satisfying approach is to consider EBF journalism’s performance in the prelude to the Crisis as one of a succession of apparent ‘failures’ to provide the appropriate news for a range of stakeholders. Previous works have shown how journalism played a central role in financial crises of the past, including the rise and fall of Enron; the dot-com bust of 2000; the Wall Street Crash of 1929; and the bursting of the South Sea Bubble in 1720. Research demonstrates that EBF news tends to concentrate on the requirements of investors, and often neglects the needs of other, non-specialist, stakeholder audiences that include consumers, employees and citizens. This is inevitable given a news production process in which journalists gravitate to elite sources and work in political-economic environments that are supportive of neoliberalism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    For example, Tunstall (1971), Schlesinger (1978) and Hetherington (1985).

  2. 2.

    For example, Doyle (2006) and Parsons (1989).

  3. 3.

    It covered the period 1987–1996 and included data from 3000 participants.

  4. 4.

    Other studies include comprehensive accounts of the historical development of EBF journalism (e.g. Schifferes and Roberts 2015; Butterick 2015; Mills 2016).

  5. 5.

    For example, Marron et al. (2010) and Schifferes and Coulter (2012).

  6. 6.

    The political content of EBF news is discussed in detail below.

  7. 7.

    The main areas of potential market abuse are: insider trading, market manipulation, conflict of interests and non-disclosure (Tambini 2010: 162–163).

  8. 8.

    Jonathan Weil worked for the Wall Street Journal and was one of the few reporters who raised questions about Enron’s stock market valuation before its collapse.

  9. 9.

    Fortune, Business Week, Canadian Business and Report on Business.

  10. 10.

    The researchers analysed 2207 newspaper articles and 402 broadcast segments. The former did not include the business pages.

  11. 11.

    For a summary of the criticism, see Deacon in Cottle (2003: 102). Alastair Hetherington was particularly critical. The GUMG, according to Hetherington, represented ‘the most obvious case’ of the ‘Marxist tendency’ in journalism research. Their first book (GUMG 1976) ‘scored… a bull’s-eye’ but the next two (GUMG 1980, 1982) ‘offered prejudiced evidence and suspect statistics’ (Hetherington 1985: 20).

  12. 12.

    This crucial distinction is addressed in detail below.

  13. 13.

    For example, Davies (2008) and Rampton and Stauber (1995).

  14. 14.

    The proportion of general news in UK newspapers composed wholly or mainly from PR and/or newswire copy is estimated at 60% (Davies 2008: 52). In the USA, the equivalent figure is between 40 and 70% (Machin and Niblock 2006: 28).

  15. 15.

    A subsequent paper by this author focussed on BBC News at Ten’s coverage of the UK’s public deficit debate in 2009. Again, political and financial elite sources dominated and the news ‘reproduced a very limited range of opinion’ (Berry 2016).

  16. 16.

    In his account of the development of BBC business journalism, Mills briefly describes the previous careers of three editors—Peter Jay, Evan Davis and Jeff Randall—who were ‘thoroughly committed to orthodox economic theory’ (Mills 2016: 185).

  17. 17.

    Mills describes Budd as ‘the neoliberal economist’ (2016: 198).

  18. 18.

    For example, ‘a machine requiring fixing’ or ‘as a beast or animal… in varying degrees of health’ (Emmison 1986: 91).

  19. 19.

    The researchers questioned 29,000 people in 27 countries.

  20. 20.

    In recent years, Jeremy Corbyn has received similarly negative coverage in the British news media (Couldry and Cammaerts 2016; Schlosberg 2016).

  21. 21.

    Friedman wrote The Lexus and the Olive Tree (1999), a seminal text for the advocates of (neoliberal) globalisation .

  22. 22.

    For example, Make Poverty History in 2005.

  23. 23.

    Manning gives the example: ‘dominant neoliberal discourses promoting deregulated financial services as an unquestioned success’ (2014: 186).

References

  • Ainamo, A., Tienari, J., & Vaara, E. (2006). Between West and East: A Social History of Business Journalism in Cold War Finland. Human Relations, 59, 611–636.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • AJE. (2010). UK Journalism Cuts a Third of Jobs in Decade. Association for Journalism Education. Retrieved from http://www.ajeuk.org/2010/09/09/uk-journalism-cuts-a-third-of-jobs-in-decade. Accessed November 22, 2014.

  • Arts, F., Takeshita, T., & Becker L. (2002, July 21–26). Economic News and Perceptions of the Economy: Results from the Netherlands, Japan and United States. Presented at the Annual Conference of the IAMCR, Barcelona, Spain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Augey, D., & Brin, C. (2004, May 12–15). Media and Manias: News and Economic Decision-Making. Presented at Sixth World Media Economics Conference, Montréal, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakan, J. (2004). The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power. Toronto: Viking Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, L. (2009, April 21). On Why Journalists Missed the Impending Financial Crisis. Poynter Fellowship Lecture at Yale University. Retrieved from http://cjrarchive.org/img/posts/LionelBarber-lecture.pdf. Accessed January 27, 2010.

  • BBC World Service. (2009). Wide Dissatisfaction with Capitalism—Twenty Years After Fall of Berlin Wall. Opinion Poll Produced in Conjunction with PIPA and Globescan. Retrieved from www.globescan.com/news_archives/bbc2009_berlin_wall. Accessed January 1, 2010.

  • Bekken, J. (2005). The Invisible Enemy: Representing Labour in a Corporate Media Order. The Public, 12(1), 71–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, W., Packard, V., Iozzi, D., Schroeder, C., Lagos, T., & Caswell, C. (2004). Managing the Public Sphere: Journalistic Construction of the Great Globalization Debate. Journal of Communication, 54(3), 437–455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, M. (2012). The Today Programme and the Banking Crisis. Journalism, 14(2), 253–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, M. (2013, August 23). Hard Evidence: How Biased Is the BBC? New Statesman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, M. (2016). No Alternative to Austerity: How BBC Broadcast News Reported the Deficit Debate. Media, Culture and Society, 38(6), 844–863.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bow, J. (1980). The Times’ Financial Markets Column in the Period Around the 1929 Crash. Journalism Quarterly, 57(447–450), 497.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyle, R. (2008). From Troubleshooter to The Apprentice: The Changing Face of Business on British Television. Media Culture Society, 30, 415.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brummer, A. (2009). Far from Scaring People, the Press Were Providing Readers with Reliable Information. In J. Mair & R. Keeble (Eds.), Playing Footsie with the FTSE? The Great Crash of 2008 (pp. 38–41). Bury St Edmunds: Abramis Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budd, A. (2007). Report of the Independent Panel for the BBC Trust on Impartiality of BBC Business Coverage. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/our_work/other/business_news.shtml. Accessed January 1, 2010.

  • Butterick, K. (2015). Complacency and Collusion: A Critical Introduction to Business and Financial Journalism. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cammaerts, B. (2011). Disruptive Sharing in a Digital Age: Rejecting Neoliberalism? Continuum, 25(1), 47–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cassidy, J. (2002). Dot Con: The Real Story of Why the Internet Bubble Burst. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassy, J. (2003, January 6). Let’s Not Do Lunch…. Guardian. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2003/jan/06/financialtimes.mondaymediasection. Accessed January 24, 2010.

  • Chomsky, N. (1998). Propaganda and Control of the Public Mind. In R. McChesney, E. Meiskins Wood, & J. Foster (Eds.), Capitalism and the Information Age: The Political Economy of the Global Communication Revolution (pp. 179–190). New York: Monthly Review Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chomsky, N. (1999). Profit Over People: Neoliberalism and Global Order. London and Toronto: Seven Stories Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corner, J., Gavin, N., Goddard, P., & Richardson, K. (1997). Television News and Public Knowledge: Understanding the Economy. Hermes, 21, 81–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, S. (Ed.). (2003). News, Public Relations and Power. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Couldry, N., & Cammaerts, B. (2016). Journalistic Representations of Jeremy Corbyn in the British Press: From Watchdog to Attack Dog. London School of Economics. Retrieved from http://www.lse.ac.uk/media@lse/research/pdf/JeremyCorbyn/Cobyn-Report-FINAL.pdf. Accessed February 13, 2017.

  • Croteau, D. (1998, July/August). Challenging the “Liberal Media” Claim: On Economics, Journalists’ Private Views Are to Right of Public. Extra! FAIR.

    Google Scholar 

  • Croteau, D., & Hoynes, W. (2000). Media Society: Industries, Images and Audiences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curran, J., & Seaton, J. (1991). Power Without Responsibility: The Press and Broadcasting in Britain. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curran, J., Gaber, I., & Petley, J. (2018). Culture Wars: The Media and the British Left (2nd ed.). Abingdon: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dale, R. (2004). The First Crash: Lessons from the South Sea Bubble. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, N. (2008). Flat Earth News: Falsehood, Distortion and Propaganda in the Global Media. London: Vintage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A. (2000). Public Relations, Business News and the Reproduction of Corporate Elite Power. Journalism, 1(3), 282–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A. (2002). Public Relations Democracy: Public Relations, Politics and the Mass Media in Britain. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A. (2006). The Role of the Mass Media in Investor Relations. Journal of Communication Management, 10(1), 7–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A. (2007). Economic Inefficiency of Market Liberalisation: The Case of the London Stock Exchange. Global Media and Communication, 3(2), 157–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, A. (2011). News of the Financial Sector: Reporting on the City or to It? Open Democracy. Retrieved from https://www.opendemocracy.net/ourkingdom/aeron-davis/news-of-financial-sector-reporting-on-city-or-to-it. Accessed August 15, 2014.

  • Deacon, D. (2003). Non-governmental Organisations and the Media. In S. Cottle (Ed.), News, Public Relations and Power (pp. 99–115). London: Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Doyle, G. (2006). Financial News Journalism: A Post-Enron Analysis of Approaches Towards Economic and Financial News Production in the UK. Journalism, 7(4), 433–452.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drier, P. (1982). Capitalism vs. the Media: An Analysis of an Ideological Mobilisation Among Business Leaders. Media, Culture and Society, 4(2), 111–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyck, A., & Zingales, L. (2003). The Bubble and the Media. In P. Cornelius & B. Kogut (Eds.), Corporate Governance and Capital Flows in a Global Economy (pp. 83–103). New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, D., & Cromwell, D. (2009). Newspeak in the 21st Century. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, L. (2009, December 2). Saints or Sinners: The Role of the Financial Media in the Financial Crisis. Conference, City University, London. Retrieved from http://www.city.ac.uk/whatson/2009/12_dec/021209-media-financial-crisis. Accessed December 23, 2009.

  • Emmison, M. (1983). The Economy and Its Emergence in Media Discourse. In H. Davis & P. Walton (Eds.), Language, Image, Media (pp. 139–155). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmison, M. (1986). Visualizing the Economy: Fetishism and the Legitimation of Economic Life. Theory Culture Society, 3, 81–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ewen, S. (1996). PR! A Social History of Spin. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fahy, D., O’Brien, M., & Poti, V. (2010). From Boom to Bust: A Post-Celtic Tiger Analysis of the Norms, Values and Roles of Irish Financial Journalists. Irish Communications Review, 12(2), 5–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, R. (1991). Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frank, T. (2001). One Market Under God: Extreme Capitalism, Market Populism and the End of Economic Democracy. London: Secker & Warburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, T. (1999). The Lexus and the Olive Tree. London: HarperCollins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukuyama, F. (1992). The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gans, H. (1979). Deciding What’s News: A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time. Evenston, IL: North-western University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gans, H. (2003). Democracy and the News. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gavin, N. (1998). The Economy, Media and Public Knowledge. London: Leicester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gavin, N. (2007). Press and Television in British Politics: Media, Money and Mediated Democracy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gavin, N., & Goddard, P. (1998). Television News and the Economy: Inflation in Britain. Media, Culture and Society, 20, 451–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gitlin, T. (1980). The Whole World Is Watching; Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glasgow University Media Group. (1976). Bad News. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glasgow University Media Group. (1980). More Bad News. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glasgow University Media Group. (1982). Really Bad News. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goozner, M. (2000). Blinded By the Boom: What’s Missing in the Coverage of the New Economy? Columbia Journalism Review, 39(November/December), 23–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guardian. (2001). National Newspaper Circulation—Dailies. Retrieved from http://media.guardian.co.uk/presspublishing/tables/0,,592183,00.html. Accessed April 6, 2010.

  • Guardian. (2010, February). ABCs: National Daily Newspaper Circulation. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/table/2010/mar/12/abcs-dailies-february-2010. Accessed April 6, 2010.

  • Hallin, D. (1986). The Uncensored War: The Media and Vietnam. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, J. (2000). Terrestrial TV News in Britain. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, D. (2005). A Brief History of Neoliberalism. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, K. (2014). Business Journalism: How to Report on Business and Economics. London: Apress.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Henriques, D. (2000). Business Reporting: Behind the Curve. Columbia Journalism Review, 39 (November/December), 18–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman, E., & Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. New York: Pantheon Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hetherington, A. (1985). News, Newspapers and Television. Basingstoke: MacMillan Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Heywood, A. (1992). Political Ideologies: An Introduction. Basingstoke: MacMillan Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hobsbawm, J. (2006). Where the Truth Lies: Trust and Morality in PR and Journalism. London: Atlantic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, K. (1987). News as Ideology: Economic Statistics and Political Ritual in Television Network News. Journal of Communication, 37(1), 8–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jha, S. (2007). Exploring Internet Influence on the Coverage of Social Protest: Content Analysis Comparing Protest Coverage in 1967 and 1999. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 84(1), 40–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kantola, A. (2006). On the Dark Side of Democracy: The Global Imaginary of Financial Journalism. In B. Cammaerts & N. Carpentier (Eds.), Reclaiming the Media: Communication, Rights and Democratic Media Roles. Bristol: Intellect.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kariithi, N., & Kareithi, P. (2007). It’s off to Work You Go! A Critical Discourse Analysis of Media Coverage of the Anti-privatisation Strike in South Africa in October 2002. Journalism Studies, 8(3), 465–480.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kinsey, M. (2009). Reporting Business, Finance and the City. In J. Chapman & M. Kinsey (Eds.), Broadcast Journalism: A Critical Introduction (pp. 159–170). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kjaer, P., & Slaatta, T. (2007). Mediating Business: The Expansion of Business Journalism. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, N. (2000). No Logo. London: Flamingo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knowles, S., Phillips, G., & Lidberg, J. (2017). Reporting the Global Financial Crisis. Journalism Studies, 18(3), 322–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lasorsa, D., & Reese, S. (1990). News Source Use in the Crash of 1987: A Study of Four National Media. Journalism Quarterly, 67, 61–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, J., Williams, A., Franklin, B., Thomas, J., & Mosdell, N. (2008). The Quality and Independence of British Journalism: Tracking the Changes Over 20 Years. MediaWise Journalism and Public Trust Project.

    Google Scholar 

  • Machin, D., & Niblock, S. (2006). News Production: Theory and Practice. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madrick, J. (2003). Financial Reporting: Lessons of the Enron Collapse. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 8(1), 3–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manning, P. (2010, January 7). News Sources, News Agencies and the Banking Crisis. Conference paper MeCCSA, London School of Economics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manning, P. (2014). Financial Journalism, News Sources and the Banking Crisis. Journalism, 14(2), 173–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mansell, R. (2011). New Visions, Old Practices: Policy and Regulation in the Internet Era. Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, 25(1), 19–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marron, M., Sarabia-Panol, Z., Sison, M., Rao, S., & Niekamp, R. (2010). The Scorecard on Reporting of the Global Financial Crisis. Journalism Studies, 11(2), 270–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McChesney, R. (1999). Introduction. In N. Chomsky (Ed.), Profit Over People: Neoliberalism and Global Order (pp. 7–16). Toronto: Seven Stories Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McChesney, R. (2003). The Problem of Journalism: A Political Economic Contribution to An Explanation of the Crisis in Contemporary US Journalism. Journalism Studies, 4(3), 299–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McChesney, R., Meiskins Wood, E., & Foster, J. (Eds.). (1998). Capitalism and the Information Age: The Political Economy of the Global Communication Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNair, B. (1998). The Sociology of Journalism. London: Arnold.

    Google Scholar 

  • McQuail, D. (1977). Analysis of Newspaper Content. Royal Commission on the Press. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • McQuail, D. (1997). Audience Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • McShane, S. (1995). Occupational, Gender, and Geographic Representations of Information Sources in U.S. and Canadian Business Magazines. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 72, 190–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, T. (2016). The BBC: The Myth of a Public Service. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Milne, A. (2009, December 2). Saints or Sinners: The Role of the Financial Media in the Financial Crisis. Conference, City University, London. Retrieved from http://www.city.ac.uk/whatson/2009/12_dec/021209-media-financial-crisis. Accessed December 23, 2009.

  • Monbiot, G. (2001). Captive State: The Corporate Takeover of Britain. London: Pan Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nel, F. (2010). How Many Journalists Are There in the UK? Media Blog. Retrieved from http://forthemedia.blogspot.co.uk/2010/08/how-journalists-are-there-in-uk-this-is.html. Accessed November 22, 2014.

  • Nieman Reports. (2002). Reporting on Business: Enron and Beyond, 56 (2), 4–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ojala, J., & Uskali, T. (2006, August 24). Any Weak Signals? The New York Times and the Stock Market Crashes of 1929, 1987 and 2000. Paper presented at XIV International Economic History Congress, Helsinki, Finland. Retrieved from http://www.helsinki.fi/iehc2006/papers1/Ojala.pdf. Accessed December 26, 2009.

  • O’Neill, D. (2007). From Hunky Heroes to Dangerous Dinosaurs. Journalism Studies, 8(5), 813–830.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, W. (1989). The Power of the Financial Press: Journalism and Economic Opinion in Britain and America. Aldershot: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Payne, G. (2008). Structural and Social Forces Restricting Media News Content in Democracies: A Critical Perspective. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(1), 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petley, J. (2009a). Impartiality in Television News: Profitability Versus Public Service. In S. Allan (Ed.), The Routledge Companion to News and Journalism Studies (pp. 602–613). Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petley, J. (2009b). What Fourth Estate? In M. Bailey (Ed.), Narrating Media History (pp. 184–195). Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petley, J. (2011). Rules, Recycling, Filters and Conspiracies: Nick Davies and the Propaganda Model. In B. Franklin & M. Carlson (Eds.), Journalists, Sources and Credibility: New Perspectives (pp. 75–89). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pilger, J. (2002). The New Rulers of the World. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, L., & Self, W. (2003). Government Sources Dominate Business Crisis Reporting. Newspaper Research Journal, 24(2), 97–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pym, H. (2009, December 2). Saints or Sinners: The Role of the Financial Media in the Financial Crisis. Conference, City University, London. Retrieved from http://www.city.ac.uk/whatson/2009/12_dec/021209-media-financial-crisis. Accessed December 23, 2009.

  • Pym, H., & Kochan, N. (2008). What Happened? And Other Questions Everyone Is Asking About the Credit Crunch. London: Old Street Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rampton, S., & Stauber, J. (1995). Toxic Sludge Is Good for You. London: Robinson Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reese, S. (2001). Understanding the Global Journalist: A Hierarchy of Influences Approach. Journalism Studies, 2, 173–187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, K. (1998). Signs and Wonders: Interpreting the Economy Through Television. In A. Bell & P. Garrett (Eds.), Approaches to Media Discourse (pp. 220–250). Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J. (2008, October 12). Why Didn’t the City Journalists See the Financial Crisis Coming? The Observer. Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/oct/12/pressandpublishing-creditcrunch. Accessed January 24, 2010.

  • Roush, C. (2006). The Need for More Business Education in Mass Communication Schools. Journalism and Mass Communication Educator, 61(2), 196–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schechter, D. (2009). Credit Crisis: How Did We Miss It? British Journalism Review, 20(1), 19–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schifferes, S. (2015). Why the Public Doesn’t Trust the Business Press. In S. Schifferes & R. Roberts (Eds.), The Media and Financial Crises: Comparative and Historical Perspectives (pp. 153–168). London and New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schifferes, S., & Coulter, S. (2012). Downloading Disaster: BBC News Online Coverage of the Global Financial Crisis. Journalism, 14(2), 1–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schifferes, S., & Roberts, R. (2015). The Media and Financial Crises: Comparative and Historical Perspectives. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiffrin, A. (2006). PR in Developing Countries. In J. Hobsbawm (Ed.), Where the Truth Lies: Trust and Morality in PR and Journalism (pp. 184–193). London: Atlantic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger, P. (1978). Putting Reality Together (BBC News). London: Constable.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlosberg, J. (2013). Power Beyond Scrutiny: Media, Justice and Accountability. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlosberg, J. (2016). Should He Stay, or Should He Go? Television and Online News Coverage of the Labour Party in Crisis. Media Reform Coalition. Retrieved from http://www.mediareform.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Corbynresearch.pdf. Accessed February 13, 2017.

  • Schudson, M. (1989). The Sociology of News Production. Media, Culture and Society, 11(1), 263–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schudson, M. (2005). Four Approaches to the Sociology of News. In J. Curran & M. Gurevitch (Eds.), Mass Media and Society (pp. 172–197). Hodder Headline: London/New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schudson, M. (2011). The Sociology of News. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, I. (2016). Business Journalism: A Critical Political Economy Approach. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, S. (2002, March/April). Enron: Uncovering the Uncovered Story. Columbia Journalism Review, 40(6), 22–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiller, R. (2001). Irrational Exuberance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, P. (2008, March 19). How Money Matters Made Front-Page News. Press Gazette.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J., McCarthy, J., McPhail, C., & Augustyn, B. (2001). From Protest to Agenda Building: Description Bias in Media Coverage of Protest Events in Washington, DC. Social Forces, 79(4), 1397–1423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, W. (2000). More Form Than Substance: Press Coverage of the WTO Protests in Seattle. Monthly Review, 52(1), 12–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Starkman, D. (2009, January/February). How Could 9,000 Business Reporters Blow It. Mother Jones. Retrieved from http://motherjones.com/politics/2009/01/how-could-9000-business-reporters-blow-it. Accessed January 14, 2010.

  • Starkman, D. (2014). The Watchdog that Didn’t Bark: The Financial Crisis and the Disappearance of Investigative Reporting. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tambini, D. (2008). What Is Financial Journalism for? Ethics and Responsibility in a Time of Crisis and Change: A Polis Report. London, UK: Polis, LSE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tambini, D. (2009, December 2). Saints or Sinners: The Role of the Financial Media in the Financial Crisis. Conference, City University, London. Retrieved from http://www.city.ac.uk/whatson/2009/12_dec/021209-media-financial-crisis. Accessed December 23, 2009.

  • Tambini, D. (2010). What Are Financial Journalists For? Journalism Studies, 11(2), 158–174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thussu, D. (2007). News as Entertainment: The Rise of Global Infotainment. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tulloch, J. (2009). From Amnesia to Apocalypse: Reflections on Journalism and the Credit Crunch. In J. Mair & R. Keeble (Eds.), Playing Footsie with the FTSE? The Great Crash of 2008 (pp. 99–109). Abramis: Bury St Edmunds.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tumber, H. (1993). Selling Scandal: Business and the Media. Media, Culture and Society, 15(1), 345–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tunstall, J. (1971). Journalists at Work. London: Constable.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uskali, T. (2005). Paying Attention to Weak Signals—The Key Concept for Innovation Journalism. Innovation Journalism, 2(4), 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahl-Jorgensen, K., & Hanitzsch, T. (2009). The Handbook of Journalism Studies. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfsfeld, G. (2003). The Political Contest Model. In S. Cottle (Ed.), News, Public Relations and Power (pp. 81–95). London: Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, H., Stevenson, R., Hsiao-Chi, Chen, & Guner, N. (2002). The Conditioned Impact of Recession News: A Time-Series Analysis of Economic Communication in the United States, 1987–1996. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 14(2), 19–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yun, C. H., Wei, K. S., Peng, T. H., & Xiaoming, Hao. (2002). Stock-Market Forecasts by Singapore Newspapers Before and After the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. Asian Journal of Communication, 12(1), 100–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zelizer, B. (2004). Taking Journalism Seriously: News and the Academy. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Žižek, S. (2008). In Defense of Lost Causes. London: Verso.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Roehampton, London, UK

    Gary James Merrill

Authors
  1. Gary James Merrill
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gary James Merrill .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Merrill, G.J. (2019). The Nature and Nurture of EBF Journalism. In: The Political Content of British Economic, Business and Financial Journalism. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04012-3_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation