Abstract
Rigorous formulas for the thermodynamic sound speed are developed via a steady-state, unidimensional, isentropic, multiphase, and multi-reactive equilibrium plug-flow. A correspondence between a multiphase multi-reactive plug-flow element and an equilibrium closed system (ECS), with two equilibrium state coordinates, is the main theoretical resource being used. Within ECS framework, momentum and energy flow balances lead to the sound speed derivation for complex equilibrium streams. The sound speed is also investigated in the critical neighborhood using the Landau Model to prove the absence of ±∞ singularities at the critical point, despite critical lambda-shaped ±∞ singularities of \(\overline{C}_{P}\) and density derivatives. A method is also detailed for calculating the sound speed of multiphase and multi-reactive streams using ECS thermodynamic properties provided by multiphase Flash(P, T) of HYSYS 8.8 simulator. Unit operation extensions (UOE) are proposed for estimating the multiphase and multi-reactive sound speed via HYSYS. With HYSYS, multiphase and/or multi-reactive equilibria, including liquid water segregation, are solved to feed the ECS sound speed formula. Multiphase examples are solved: natural gas, oil–water–gas, and supersonic separator for adjustment of water and hydrocarbon dew-points of natural gas. Multi-reactive multiphase sound speeds are predicted in supersonic reactors for methane pyrolysis and for two-phase methanol oxidation to formaldehyde.
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de Medeiros, J.L., Arinelli, L., Araújo, O. (2019). Thermodynamic Speed of Sound for Multiphase Multi-Reactive Equilibrium Systems. In: Offshore Processing of CO2-Rich Natural Gas with Supersonic Separator. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04006-2_5
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