Abstract
Chronic disease continues to be a major source of mortality and morbidity globally. While there are cost-effective interventions, which address the major preventable risk factors for chronic disease, effective implementation of these evidence-based interventions into target settings is required to realise their full potential. Approaches to support effective implementation of evidence-based interventions into community settings are therefore central to the prevention of chronic disease. Community settings are areas of social interaction typically defined by social, cultural or occupational parameters.
This chapter provides an overview of evidence-based approaches to the development and evaluation of implementation strategies in community settings. Three Australian case studies are included to illustrate differing levels of design, development and evaluation approaches and describe variation in their impact.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Abraham, C., & Michie, S. (2008). A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions. Health Psychology, 27(3), 379–387.
AIHW. (2012). Risk factors contributing to chronic disease. Canberra, Australia: AIHW.
Alvero, A. M., Bucklin, B. R., & Austin, J. (2001). An objective review of the effectiveness and essential characteristics of performance feedback in organizational settings (1985-1998). Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 21(1), 3–29.
Ardzejewska, K., Tadros, R., & Baxter, D. (2012). A descriptive study on the barriers and facilitators to implementation of the NSW (Australia) healthy school canteen strategy. Health Education Journal, 72, 136–145.
Atkins, L., Francis, J., Islam, R., O’Connor, D., Patey, A., Ivers, N., … Michie, S. (2017). A guide to using the theoretical domains framework of behaviour change to investigate implementation problems. Implementation Science, 12(1), 77.
Australian Drug Foundation. (2013). Good sports program: Healthy clubs, strong communities. Available from: http://goodsports.com.au/
Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. (2013). Get up and grow: healthy eating and physical activity for early childhood. [cited 2015 4 Dec]; Available from: http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/phd-early-childhood-nutrition-resources
Babor, T., Caetano, R., Casswell, S., Edwards, G., Giesbrecht, N., Graham, K., … Rossow, I. (2010). Alcohol: No ordinary commodity – research and public policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bero, L. A., Grilli, R., Grimshaw, J. M., Harvey, E., Oxman, A. D., & Thomson, M. A. (1998). Closing the gap between research and practice: An overview of systematic reviews of interventions to promote the implementation of research findings. BMJ, 317(7156), 465–468.
Cheung, A., Weir, M., Mayhew, A., Kozloff, N., Brown, K., & Grimshaw, J. (2012). Overview of systematic reviews of the effectiveness of reminders in improving healthcare professional behavior. System Review, 1, 36.
Clinton-McHarg, T., Yoong, S. L., Tzelepis, F., Regan, T., Fielding, A., Skelton, E., … Wolfenden, L. (2016). Psychometric properties of implementation measures for public health and community settings and mapping of constructs against the consolidated framework for implementation research: A systematic review. Implementation Science, 11(1), 148.
Crisp, B. R., & Swerissen, H. (2003). Critical processes for creating health-promoting sporting environments in Australia. Health Promotion International, 18(2), 145–152.
Damschroder, L. J., Aron, D. C., Keith, R. E., Kirsh, S. R., Alexander, J. A., & Lowery, J. C. (2009). Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: A consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implementation Science, 4, 50.
Drygas, W., Ruszkowska, J., Philpott, M., BjOrkstrOm, O., Parker, M., Ireland, R., … Tenconi, M. (2013). Good practices and health policy analysis in European sports stadia: Results from the ‘healthy stadia’ project. Health Promotion International, 28(2), 157–165.
Duff, C., & Munro, G. (2007). Preventing alcohol-related problems in community sports clubs: The good sports program. Substance Use & Misuse, 42(12/13), 1991–2001.
Eime, R. M., Payne, W. R., & Harvey, J. T. (2008). Making sporting clubs healthy and welcoming environments: A strategy to increase participation. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 11(2), 146–154.
Fees, B., Trost, S., Bopp, M., & Dzewaltowski, D. A. (2009). Physical activity programming in family child care homes: Providers’ perceptions of practices and barriers. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 41(4), 268–273.
Finch, M., Wolfenden, L., Falkiner, M., Edenden, D., Pond, N., Hardy, L. L., … Wiggers, J. (2012). Impact of a population based intervention to increase the adoption of multiple physical activity practices in Centre based childcare services: A quasi experimental, effectiveness study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 101.
Finkelstein, D. M., Hill, E. L., & Whitaker, R. C. (2008). School food environments and policies in US public schools. Pediatrics, 122(1), e251–e259.
French, S., Green, S. E., O’Connor, D. A., McKenzie, J. E., Francis, J. J., Michie, S., … Grimshaw, J. M. (2012). Developing theory-informed behaviour change interventions to implement evidence into practice: A systematic approach using the theoretical domains framework. Implementation Science, 7(1), 38.
Froehlich Chow, A., & Humbert, L. (2011). Physical activity and nutrition in early years care Centres: Barriers and facilitators. Canadian Children, 36(1), 26–31.
Grady, A., K Seward; M Finch; A Fielding; F Stacey; J Jones … SL Yoong (2017). Barriers and enablers to implementation of dietary guidelines in early childhood education centers in Australia: Application of the Theoretical Domains Framework. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, (in press).
Greenfield, D., & Braithwaite, J. (2008). Health sector accreditation research: A systematic review. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 20(3), 172–183.
Greenhalgh, T., Robert, G., & MacFarlane, F. (2004). Diffusion of innovations in service organizations: Systematic review and recommendations. The Milbank Quarterly, 82(4), 581–629.
Grimshaw, J. M., Shirran, L., Thomas, R., Mowatt, G., Fraser, C., Bero, L., … O’Brien, M. A. (2001). Changing provider behavior: An overview of systematic reviews of interventions. Medical Care, 39(8 Suppl 2), Ii2–I45.
Grimshaw, J. M., Thomas, R. E., MacLennan, G., Fraser, C., Ramsay, C. R., Vale, L., … Donaldson, C. (2004). Effectiveness and efficiency of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies. Health Technology Assessment, 8(6), iii–iiv, 1-72.
Grol, R., & Wensing, M. (2004). What drives change? Barriers to and incentives for achieving evidence-based practice. Medical Journal of Australia, 180(Supplement 6), 57–60.
Hills, A., Nathan, N., Robinson, K., Fox, D., & Wolfenden, L. (2015). Improvement in primary school adherence to the NSW Healthy School Canteen Strategy in 2007 and 2010. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 26(2), 89–92.
Huijg, J. M., Gebhardt, W. A., Dusseldorp, E., Verheijden, M. W., van der Zouwe, N., Middelkoop, B. J. C., … Crone, M. R. (2014). Measuring determinants of implementation behavior: Psychometric properties of a questionnaire based on the theoretical domains framework. Implementation Science, 9, 33.
Ivers, N., Jamtvedt, G., Flottorp, S., Young, J. M., Odgaard-Jensen, J., French, S. D., … Oxman, A. D. (2012). Audit and feedback: Effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6, CD000259. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000259.pub3
Jaaskelainen, P., Magnussen, C. G., Pahkala, K., Mikkila, V., Kahonen, M., Sabin, M. A., … Juonala, M. (2012). Childhood nutrition in predicting metabolic syndrome in adults: The cardiovascular risk in Young Finns Study. Diabetes Care, 35(9), 1937–1943.
Jaime, P. C., & Lock, K. (2009). Do school based food and nutrition policies improve diet and reduce obesity? Preventive Medicine, 48(1), 45–53.
Jamtvedt G., Young J. M.. Kristoffersen D. T., O’Brien M. A., & Oxman A. D. (2010). Audit and feedback: Effects on professional practice and health care outcomes (review). The Cochrane Collaboration. The Cochrane Library (7).
Kaikkonen, J. E., Mikkilä, V., Magnussen, C. G., Juonala, M., Viikari, J. S. A., & Raitakari, O. T. (2013). Does childhood nutrition influence adult cardiovascular disease risk?--insights from the Young Finns Study. Annals of Medicine, 45(2), 120–128.
Keleher, H., & MacDougall, C. (2006). In H. Keleher & C. MacDougall (Eds.), Understanding health: A determinants approach. South Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press.
Kingsland, M., Wolfenden, L., Tindall, J., Rowland Bosco, C., Lecathelinais, C., Gillham, K. E., … John, H. (2015). Tackling risky alcohol consumption in sport: A cluster randomised controlled trial of an alcohol management intervention with community football clubs. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 69(10), 993.
Kingsland, M., Wolfenden, L., Tindall, J., Rowland, B., Sidey, M., McElduff, P., … Wiggers, J. H. (2015). Improving the implementation of responsible alcohol management practices by community sporting clubs: A randomised controlled trial. Drug and Alcohol Review, 34(4), 447–457.
Kubik, M. Y., Lytle, L. A., & Story, M. (2005). Schoolwide food practices are associated with body mass index in middle school students. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 159(12), 1111–1114.
Lau, R., Stevenson, F., Ong, B. N., Dziedzic, K., Treweek, S., Eldridge, S., … Murray, E. (2015). Achieving change in primary care-effectiveness of strategies for improving implementation of complex interventions: Systematic review of reviews. BMJ Open, 5(12), e009993.
Lenk, K. M., Toomey Traci, L., Erickson Darin, J., Kilian Gunna, R., Nelson Toben, F., & Fabian Lindsey, E. A. (2010). Alcohol control policies and practices at professional sports stadiums. Public Health Reports, 125(5), 665–673.
Lewis, C. C., Fischer, S., Weiner, B. J., Stanick, C., Kim, M., & Martinez, R. G. (2015). Outcomes for implementation science: An enhanced systematic review of instruments using evidence-based rating criteria. Implementation Science, 10(1), 155.
Loxley, W., Gray, D., Wilkinson, C., Chikritzhs, T., Midford, R., & Moore, D. (2005). Alcohol policy and harm reduction in Australia. Drug and Alcohol Review, 24(6), 559–568.
Lyne, M., & Galloway, A. (2012). Implementation of effective alcohol control strategies is needed at large sports and entertainment events. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 36(1), 55–60.
McCullum, C., Hoelscher, D. M., Eagan, J. M., Ward, J. L., Kelder, S. H., & Barroso, C. S. (2004). Evaluation of the dissemination and implementation of the CATCH eat smart school nutrition program in Texas. Journal of Child Nutrition and Management, 28(1).
McNamara, K., Knight, A., Livingston, M., Kypri, K., Malo, J., Roberts, L., … De Courten, M. (2015). Targets and indicators for chronic disease prevention in Australia. Melbourne: AHPC, Australian Health Policy Collaboration technical paper No. 2015-08.
McWilliams, C., Ball, S. C., Benjamin, S. E., Hales, D., Vaughn, A., & Ward, D. S. (2009). Best-practice guidelines for physical activity at child care. Pediatrics, 124(6), 1650–1659.
Michie, S., Johnston, M., Francis, J., Hardeman, W., & Eccles, M. (2008). From theory to intervention: Mapping theoretically derived Behavioural determinants to behaviour change techniques. Applied Psychology, 57(4), 660–680.
Michie, S., Richardson, M., Johnston, M., Abraham, C., Francis, J., Hardeman, W., … Wood, C. E. (2013). The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: Building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 46(1), 81–95.
Milat, A., & Li, B. (2017). Narrative review of frameworks for translating research evidence into policy and practice. Public Health Research & Practice, 27(1), e2711704.
National Drug Research Institute. (2007). Restrictions on the sale and supply of alcohol: Evidence and outcomes. Perth, Australia: National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University of Technology.
New South Wales Health. (2001). A framework for building capacity to improve health. Gladsville, Australia: Better Health Centre.
Ontario Ministry of Education. (2010). School food and beverage policy. [Internet] [cited 2016 23 Mar]; Available from: http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/extra/eng/ppm/150.html
Peters, D. H., Adam, T., Alonge, O., Agyepong, I. A., & Tran, N. (2013). Implementation research: What it is and how to do it. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 347, f6753.
Pettigrew S, Donovan R. J., Jalleh G, Pescud M, Cowie S. (2009). Addressing childhood obesity through school canteens. Report to the WA Department of Education and Training. In The University of Western Australia and the Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer Control, (Ed.), Curtin University: Perth, Western Australia.
Pomey, M.-P., Lemieux-Charles, L., Champagne, F., Angus, D., Shabah, A., & Contandriopoulos, A.-P. (2010). Does accreditation stimulate change? A study of the impact of the accreditation process on Canadian healthcare organizations. Implementation Science, 5(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-5-31
Rabin, B. A., Glasgow, R. E., Kerner, J. F., Klump, M. P., & Brownson, R. C. (2010). Dissemination and implementation research on community-based cancer prevention: A systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 38(4), 443–456.
Read, C. W., & Kleiner, B. H. (1996). Which training methods are effective. Management Development Review, 9(2), 24–29.
Rohrbach, L. A., Grana, R., Sussman, S., & Valente, T. W. (2006). Type II translation: Transporting prevention interventions from research to real-world settings. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 29(3), 302–333.
Schofield, M., Edwards, K., & Pearce, R. (1997). Effectiveness of two strategies for dissemination of sun-protection policy in New South Wales primary and secondary schools. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 21(7), 743–750.
Seward, K., Finch, M., Yoong, S. L., Wyse, R., Jones, J., Grady, A., … Wolfenden, L. (2017). Factors that influence the implementation of dietary guidelines regarding food provision in centre based childcare services: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 105(Supplement C), 197–205.
Seward, K., Wolfenden, L., Finch, M., Wiggers, J., Wyse, R., Jones, J., … Yoong, S. L. (2016). Multistrategy childcare-based intervention to improve compliance with nutrition guidelines versus usual care in long day care services: A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 6(6), e010786.
Skolarus, T. A., Lehmann, T., Tabak, R. G., Harris, J., Lecy, J., & Sales, A. E. (2017). Assessing citation networks for dissemination and implementation research frameworks. Implementation Science, 12(1), 97.
Soumerai, S. B., & Avorn, J. (1990). Principles of educational outreach (‘academic detailing’) to improve clinical decision making. JAMA, 263(4), 549–556.
Squires, J. E., Suh Kathryn, N., Stefanie, L., Natalie, B., Kathleen, G., Graham Ian, D., … Jeremy, M. (2013). Improving physician hand hygiene compliance using behavioural theories: A study protocol. Implementation Science, 8, 16.
Squires, J. E., Sullivan, K., Eccles, M. P., Worswick, J., & Grimshaw, J. M. (2014). Are multifaceted interventions more effective than single-component interventions in changing health-care professionals’ behaviours? An overview of systematic reviews. Implementation Science, 9, 152.
Stone, E. G., Morton, S. C., Hulscher, M. E., Maglione, M. A., Roth, E. A., Grimshaw, J. M., … Shekelle, P. G. (2002). Interventions that increase use of adult immunization and cancer screening services: A meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 136(9), 641–651. [Summary for patients in Ann Intern Med. May 7;136(9):I16; PMID: 11992319].
Taylor, N., Lawton, R., Slater, B., & Foy, R. (2013). The demonstration of a theory-based approach to the design of localized patient safety interventions. Implementation Science, 8, 123.
Timmons, B., LeBlanc, A. G., Carson, V., Gorber, S. C., Dillman, C., Janssen, I., … Tremblay, M. S. (2012). Systematic review of physical activity and health in the early years (aged 0-4 years). Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 37, 773–792.
Tremblay, L., Boudreau-Larivière, C., & Cimon-Lambert, K. (2012). Promoting physical activity in preschoolers: A review of the guidelines, barriers, and facilitators for implementation of policies and practices. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 53(4), 280.
Trost, S. G., Ward, D. S., & Senso, M. (2010). Effects of child care policy and environment on physical activity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42(3), 520–525.
United Kingdom (UK) Department of Education. (2014). Press release: new school food standards. [2014 7th April 2016]. Available from: http://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-school-food-standards
WHO. (2016). Chronic diseases and health promotion. [cited 2016 04/05/2016]. Available from: http://www.who.int/chp/about/integrated_cd/en/.
Williams, C. M., Nathan, N. K., Wyse, R. J., Yoong, S. L., Delaney, T., Wiggers, J., … Wolfenden, L. (2015). Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting risk factors for chronic disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5.
Wolfenden, L., Jones, J., Williams, C. M., Finch, M., Wyse, R. J., Kingsland, M., … Yoong, S. L. (2015). Strategies to improve the implementation of healthy eating, physical activity and obesity prevention policies, practices or programmes within childcare services. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 7.
Wolfenden, L., Kingsland, M., Rowland, B., Kennedy, V., Gillham, K., & Wiggers, J. (2012). Addressing alcohol use in community sports clubs: Attitudes of club representatives. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 36(1), 93–94.
Wolfenden, L., Milat, A. J., Lecathelinais, C., Sanson-Fisher, R. W., Carey, M. L., Bryant, J., … Yoong, S. (2016). What is generated and what is used: A description of public health research output and citation. European Journal of Public Health, 26(3), 523–525.
Wolfenden, L., Nathan, N., CM Williams, T. D., Reilly, K. L., Freund, M., … Wiggers, J. (2014). A randomised controlled trial of an intervention to increase the implementation of a heathy canteen policy in Australian primary schools: Study protocol. Implementation Science, 9, 147.
Wolfenden, L., Nathan, N. K., Sutherland, R., Yoong, S. L., Hodder, R. K., Wyse, R. J., … Clinton‐McHarg, T. (2017). Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting risk factors for chronic disease (in press). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Wolfenden, L., Neve, M., Farrell, L., Lecathelinais, C., Bell, C., Milat, A., … Sutherland, R. (2010). Physical activity policies and practices of childcare centres in Australia. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 47(3), 73–76.
Wolfenden, L., Williams, C. M., Wiggers, J., Nathan, N., & Yoong, S. L. (2016). Improving the translation of health promotion interventions using effectiveness–implementation hybrid designs in program evaluations. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 27(3), 204–207.
Woods, J., Bressan, A., Langelaan, C., Mallon, A., & Palermo, C. (2014). Australian school canteens: Menu guideline adherence or avoidance? Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 25(2), 110–115.
World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. (2007). Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: A global perspective. Washington, DC: American Institute for Cancer Research.
World Health Organisation. (1992). WHO statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (ICD) (10th revision ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organisation.
World Health Organisation. (2014). Global status report on alcohol and health 2014. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organisation.
Yoong, S. L., Clinton-McHarg, T., & Wolfenden, L. (2015). Systematic reviews examining implementation of research into practice and impact on population health are needed. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 68(7), 788–791.
Yoong, S. L., Nathan, N. K., Wyse, R. J., Preece, S. J., Williams, C. M., Sutherland, R. L., … Wolfenden, L. (2015). Assessment of the school nutrition environment: A study in Australian primary school canteens. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49(2), 215–222.
Yoong, S. L., Skelton, E., Jones, J., & Wolfenden, L. (2014). Do childcare services provide foods in line with the 2013 Australian dietary guidelines? A cross-sectional study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 38(6), 595–596.
Youl, P., Baade, P., & Meng, X. (2012). Impact of prevention on future cancer incidence in Australia [online]. Cancer Forum, 36(1), 37–41.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wolfenden, L. et al. (2020). Implementation of Effective Services in Community Settings. In: Albers, B., Shlonsky, A., Mildon, R. (eds) Implementation Science 3.0. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03874-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03874-8_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-03873-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-03874-8
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)