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Neuro-oncology: Assessing Response in Paediatric Brain Tumours

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Imaging in Pediatric Oncology

Part of the book series: Pediatric Oncology ((PEDIATRICO))

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Abstract

Response assessment in pediatric neuro-oncology presents unique challenges compared to adult practice. In fact the majority of pediatric tumors are of low grade and can have rather indolent courses with both contrast enhancing and nonenhancing components, often not easily measurable, compared to the adult population where most of the tumors are high-grade gliomas.

In addition, there are profound differences in pediatric tumors when compared to their adult counterparts relating to location, histology, molecular biology and imaging characteristics. This has been highlighted in the 2016 World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors which identified specific molecular characteristics of pediatric tumours with different biological behaviours and thus potential differences in terms of response assessment.

There is currently no consensus-based agreement on standards to define response or progression for pediatric brain tumors in trials and, consequently, in clinical practice. Most pediatric neuro-oncology trials are still based on the methods extrapolated from adult experience. Hence, there is definite scope for further development in this field.

This chapter endeavours to address these very specific issues; it reviews currently existing criteria and recommendations and discusses the feasibility and limitations of the multiparametric approach that should be adopted to assessing tumor response to therapy in children.

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Acknowledgements

Miss Jess Cooper, MRI Superintendent Radiographer, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

    Felice D’Arco & Kshitij Mankad

  2. Department of Radiology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Marvin Nelson & Benita Tamrazi

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  1. Felice D’Arco
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  2. Kshitij Mankad
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  3. Marvin Nelson
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  4. Benita Tamrazi
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Correspondence to Felice D’Arco .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephan D. Voss

  2. Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK

    Kieran McHugh

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D’Arco, F., Mankad, K., Nelson, M., Tamrazi, B. (2019). Neuro-oncology: Assessing Response in Paediatric Brain Tumours. In: Voss, S., McHugh, K. (eds) Imaging in Pediatric Oncology. Pediatric Oncology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03777-2_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03777-2_10

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