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Acute Hepatitis C

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Viral Hepatitis: Chronic Hepatitis C

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Abstract

Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections remain one of the main causes of liver disease worldwide with a varying incidence among different countries. Acute HCV infection classically refers to the first 6 months after exposure to the virus. During recent years, incidence seems to be changing in many countries: lowering rates due to improved case detection and improved prevention of transmission (i.e., unsafe medical procedures) or higher due to emerging of prevalent routes especially among injection drug users and men who have sex with men (MSM). Diagnosis of acute infection could be challenging and is mainly based on serological and molecular assays, since clinical symptoms are not present in most patients. Spontaneous viral clearance occurs in about 25% of individuals, generally in the first 3–6 months of infection due to complex interaction between virus and host, which is only partially understood. HCV reinfections have been described in people who injected drugs (PWID) and MSM who cleared the infection spontaneously or were successfully treated. Treatment of acute HCV is now based on a combination of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and it seems promising even if clear recommendations regarding optimal regimen and treatment duration are currently unavailable. Data are lacking also on pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis. Implementation of screening, information campaigns, and community awareness together with early treatment could be the strategies to control the spread of HCV infection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Joop E. Arends

  2. Infectious Diseases Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

    Maria Cristina Leoni

  3. Infectious Diseases Department, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France

    Dominique Salmon-Ceron

Authors
  1. Joop E. Arends
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  2. Maria Cristina Leoni
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  3. Dominique Salmon-Ceron
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joop E. Arends .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. ESCMID Study Group for Viral Hepatitis (ESGVH), Istanbul, Turkey

    Resat Ozaras

  2. Infectious Diseases Department, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France

    Dominique Salmon-Ceron

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Arends, J.E., Leoni, M.C., Salmon-Ceron, D. (2019). Acute Hepatitis C. In: Ozaras, R., Salmon-Ceron, D. (eds) Viral Hepatitis: Chronic Hepatitis C. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03757-4_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03757-4_11

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