Abstract
This paper proposes a distortion function for steganography in texture synthesized images. Given a small piece of texture, an image synthesis algorithm is employed to generate a texture image in arbitrary size with similar local appearance. The obtained texture image is used as cover for data embedding. A distortion function is designed for the cover image to measure the detection risk of modifications. The image texture, splicing of patches, and repetition of texture blocks are contained in the proposed distortion function to fit the properties of synthesized images, which results in high undetectability against steganalysis. Experimental results also prove that the proposed distortion function performs better than current state-of-the-art steganographic methods.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Li, B., Wang, M., Li, X., Tan, S., Huang, J.: A strategy of clustering modification directions in spatial image steganography. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 10(9), 1905–1917 (2015)
Zhang, Y., Qin, C., Zhang, W., Liu, F., Luo, X.: On the fault-tolerant performance for a class of robust image steganography. Sig. Process. 146, 99–111 (2018)
Wang, Z., Zhang, X., Yin, Z.: Hybrid distortion function for JPEG steganography. J. Electron. Imaging 25(5), 050501 (2016)
Frdrich, J., Soukal, D.: Matrix embedding for large payloads. In: Proceedings of the International Society for Optics and Photonics, San Jose, CA, Feb. 2006, pp. 60721W–60721W-12
Zhang, X., Wang, S.: Efficient steganographic embedding by exploiting modification direction. IEEE Commun. Lett. 10(11), 781–783 (2006)
Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Wang, S.: Maximizing steganographic embedding efficiency by combining hamming codes and wet paper codes. In: Proceedings of 10th International Workshop on Information Hiding, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, May, 2008, pp. 60–71
Filler, T., Judas, J., Fridrich, J.: Minimizing additive distortion in steganography using syndrome-trellis codes. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 6(3), 920–935 (2011)
Holub, V., Fridrich, J.: Digital image steganography using universal distortion. In: Proceedings of the first ACM workshop on Information Hiding and Multimedia Security, New York, NY, USA, June, 2013, pp. 59–68
Holub, V., Fridrich, J., Denemark, T.: Universal distortion function for steganography in an arbitrary domain. EURASIP J. Inf. Secur. 2014(1), 1–13 (2014)
Li, B., Wang, M., Huang, J., Li, X.: A new cost function for spatial image steganography. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Paris, France, Oct. 2014, pp. 4206–4210
Otori, H., Kuriyama, S.: Data-embeddable texture synthesis. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium Smart Graphics, Kyoto, Japan, 2007, pp. 146–157
Otori, H., Kuriyama, S.: Texture synthesis for mobile data communications. IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. 29(6), 74–81 (2009)
Cohen, M.F., Shade, J., Hiller, S., Deussen, O.: Wang tiles for image and texture generation. ACM Trans. Graph. 22(3), 287–294 (2003)
Xu, K., et al.: Feature-aligned shape texturing. ACM Trans. Graph. 28(5), Art. ID 108 (2009)
Efros, A.A., Freeman, W.T.: Image quilting for texture synthesis and transfer. In: Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. ACM, 2001, pp. 341–346
Fridrich, J., Kodovsky, J.: Rich models for steganalysis of digital images. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 7(3), 868–882 (2012)
Kodovsky, J., Fridrich, J., Holub, V.: Ensemble classifiers for steganalysis of digital media. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 7(2), 432–444 (2012)
Qian, Z., Huang, N., Li, S., Zhang, X.: Constructive steganography using texture synthesis. IETE Tech. Rev. https://doi.org/10.1080/02564602.2018.1475267
Qian, Z., Zhou, H., Zhang, W., Zhang, X.: Robust steganography using texture synthesis. In: Twelfth International Conference on Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, IIH-MSP 2016, pp. 25–33, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Nov. 21–23, 2016
Zhou, H., Chen, K., Zhang, W., Qian, Z., Yu, N.: Targeted attack and security enhancement on texture synthesis based steganography. J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2018.04.011
Wu, K.C., Wang, C.M.: Steganography using reversible texture synthesis. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 24(1), 130 (2015)
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (U1536108, 61572308, U1636206, U1736213), the Shanghai Dawn Scholar Plan (14SG36), and the Shanghai Excellent Academic Leader Plan (16XD1401200).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Shi, L., Wang, Z., Qian, Z., Zhang, X. (2019). Distortion Function for Steganography in Texture Synthesized Images. In: Pan, JS., Ito, A., Tsai, PW., Jain, L. (eds) Recent Advances in Intelligent Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing. IIH-MSP 2018. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 109. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03745-1_39
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03745-1_39
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-03744-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-03745-1
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)