Skip to main content

Power and Silence: The Social Construction of Gypsies and Travellers

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Gypsy and Traveller Girls

Part of the book series: Studies in Childhood and Youth ((SCY))

  • 698 Accesses

Abstract

Marcus sets out arguments to demonstrate Gypsies and Travellers are ignored, erased or demonised as a key ‘Other’ in the European imagination. Gypsies and Travellers are simultaneously absent, in terms of their views and experiences, and present, in terms of serving as the disparaged Other in the Scottish, and European, mindset. From the manipulation of the history and identity of ‘the Gypsy and Traveller’ in Scottish culture, the lacuna in the existing literature on Gypsy and Traveller women, the suppression of alternative knowledge and modes of thinking, to the silences encountered within academia, policy documents, and administrative data—the complexity of censorship and absence is problematised. The chapter explains the ‘problem’ of trying to categorise, define and name these communities. In Scotland, they constitute a heterogeneous group with different languages, cultures and ethnic identities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Acton, T. (1974) Gypsy politics and social change. London: Routledge and Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Acton, T. (1994) Modernisation, moral panics and the Gypsies. Sociology Review, 4(1), pp. 24–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Acton, T. (ed.) (1997) Gypsy politics and Traveller identity. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Acton, T. A. (ed.) (2000) Scholarship and the Gypsy Struggle: Commitment in Romani Studies: A Collection of Papers and Poems to Celebrate Donald Kenrick’s Seventieth Year. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Acton, T. (2004) Modernity, culture and ‘Gypsies’: Is there a meta-scientific method for understanding the representation of ‘Gypsies’? And do Dutch really exist? In: Saul, N., and Tebbutt, S. The role of the Romanies. Images and counter-images of ‘Gypsies’/Romanies in European cultures. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Acton, T. (2007) Here to stay: The Gypsies and Travellers of Great Britain. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30(2), pp. 1170–1171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Acton, T., and Mundy, G. (eds.) (1997) Romani culture and Gypsy identity. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed, S. (2012) On being included: Racism and diversity in institutional life. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amnesty International. (2010, June) Letter written by J. Watson to Aberdeen City Council Chief Executive.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anzaldúa, G. (1987) Borderlands/La frontera. San Francisco: Aunt Lute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Archer, L. (2002) Change, culture and tradition: British Muslim pupils talk about Muslim girls’ post-16 ‘choices’. Race, Ethnicity and Education, 5(4), pp. 359–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basit, T. N. (1996) ‘I’d hate to be just a housewife’: Career aspirations of British Muslim girls. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 24(2), pp. 227–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basit, T. N. (1997) ‘I want more freedom, but not too much’: British Muslim girls and the dynamism of family values. Gender and education, 9(4), pp. 425–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, Z. (1989) Modernity and the Holocaust. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, Z. (2001) Community. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, E. J., Riding, M. H., Collier, P. W., Wilson, N. C., and Reid, D. (1983) Susceptibility of itinerants (“travelling people”) in Scotland to poliomyelitis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 61(5), p. 839.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belton, B. (2005) Questioning Gypsy identity: Ethnic narratives in Britain and America. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belton, B. A. (2013) ‘Weak power’: Community and identity. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 36(2), pp. 282–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BEMIS (2011) Gypsy Travellers in contemporary Scotland: The 2001 ‘inquiry into Gypsy Travellers and public sector policies’: Ten years on. Glasgow: BEMIS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berlant, L. (1997) The Queen of America Goes to Washington City: Essays on Sex and Citizenship. Durham and London: Duke University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhopal, K. (2018) White privilege: The myth of a post-racial society. Bristol: Policy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhopal, K., and Myers, M. (2008) Insiders, outsiders and others: Gypsies and identity. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brockie, W. (1884) The Gypsies of Yetholm: Historical, traditional, philological and humorous. Kelso: J. H. Rutherford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caravan Sites and Control of Development Act. (1960) Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Eliz2/8-9/62. Accessed 12 January 2013.

  • Cemlyn, S. (2006) Human rights and Gypsies and Travellers: An exploration of the application of a human rights perspective to social work with a minority community in Britain. British Journal of Social Work, 38(1), pp. 153–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cemlyn, S., Greenfields, M., Burnett, S., Matthews, Z., and Whitwell, C. (2009) Inequalities experienced by Gypsy and Traveller communities: A review. Research Report 12. Manchester: Equality and Human Rights Commission. Available at: https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/11129/1/12inequalities_experienced_by_gypsy_and_traveller_communities_a_review.pdf.

  • Chambers, W. (1886) Exploits and anecdotes of the Scottish Gypsies: With traits of their origin, character, and manners. Edinburgh: W. Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, B. (1998) The Irish travelling community—Outcasts of the Celtic Tiger? Dilemmas for social work. Social Work in Europe, 5, pp. 28–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, C. (2001) ‘Invisible lives’: The Gypsies and Travellers of Britain. Unpublished PhD thesis, Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, C. (2006) Defining ethnicity in a cultural and socio-legal context: The case of Scottish Gypsy-Travellers. Scottish Affairs, 54, pp. 39–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, C. (2008) Introduction themed section care or control? Gypsies, Travellers and the state. Social Policy and Society, 7(1), pp. 65–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, C. (2013) Agency, empowerment and inclusion: The challenges facing Roma youth in Europe today. Voice: A Global Youth Magazine, 1(1), pp. 34–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, C. (2014) ‘Glasgow’s Ellis Island? The integration and stigmatisation of Govanhill’s Roma population’. People, Place and Policy, 8(1), pp. 34–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, C., and Campbell E. (2000) “Gypsy Invasion”: A critical analysis of newspaper reaction to Czech and Slovak Romani asylum-seekers in Britain, 1997. Romani Studies (Continuing Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society), 10(1), pp. 23–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clark, C., and Greenfields, M. (2006) Here to stay: The Gypsies and Travellers of Britain. Hatfield: University of Herfordshire Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, C., and Taylor, B. (2014) Is nomadism the ‘problem’? The social construction of Gypsies and Travellers as perpetrators of ‘anti-social’ behaviour in Britain. In: Pickard, S. (ed.) Anti-social behaviour in Britain: Victorian and contemporary perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 166–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clavell-Bate, R. (2012) Elective home education: Supporting access to education for children and young people within the Gypsy, Roma and Traveller community. In: J. Visser, H. Daniels, and T. Cole (eds.) Transforming troubled lives: Strategies and interventions for children with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. Bradford: Emerald Group Publishing, p.175–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S. (1972) Folk devils and moral panics. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S. (1980) Symbols of trouble: Introduction to the new edition. In: S. Cohen (ed.) Folk devils and moral panics: The creation of the mods and rockers. London: Martin Robertson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, S. (1985) Visions of social control: Crime, punishment and classification. Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins. P. H. (2000) Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness and the politics of empowerment. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Copp, A. L. (1986) The nurse as advocate for vulnerable persons. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 11, pp. 255–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Council of Europe. (2012) Glossary on Roma (2006). Available at: http://hub.coe.int/what-we-do/human-rights/roma-and-travellers. Accessed 11 November 2013.

  • Council of Europe. (2018) Council of Europe honours Roma victims of the Holocaust: “Acknowledge the past and improve Roma rights today”. Available at: https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/-/council-of-europe-honours-roma-victims-of-the-holocaust-acknowledge-the-past-and-improve-roma-rights-today-. Accessed 16 August 2018.

  • Coxhead, J. (2007) The last bastion of racism: Gypsies, Travellers and policing. Stoke on Trent: Trentham Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crenshaw, K. (1991) Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), pp. 1241–1299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cressy, D. (2018) Gypsies: An English history. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, K., and Evans, M. (eds.) (2011) Transatlantic conversations: Feminism as travelling theory. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, R. M. (1971) The Tinklers of Arran. Romani Studies, 50(65).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, R. (2005) The 1895 Scottish Traveller Report. Derbyshire: Dawson and Rackley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, R. (2007) Empty lands: Aspects of Scottish Traveller survival. Derbyshire: Dawson Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delanty, G. (2010) Community. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deleuze, G., and Guattari, F. (1977) Rhizom (Vol. 67). Berlin: Merve Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deleuze, G., and Guattari, F. (1987) A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia. London: The Athlone Press, pp. 3–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duffee, D. (1980) Explaining criminal justice: Community theory and criminal justice reform. Cambridge, MA: Oelgeschlager, Gunn and Hain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, T. (1996) Neighbour’s views of official sites for Travelling people: A survey based on three case studies in Scotland. Glasgow: The Planning Exchange, The Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwyer, C. (2000) Negotiating diasporic identities: Young British South Asian Muslim women. Women’s Studies International Forum, 23(4), pp. 475–486.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • EHRC. (2015) Developing successful site provision for Scotland’s Gypsy/Traveller communities. Available at: https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/sites/default/files/successful_site_provision_scotland.pdf. Accessed 21 April 2015.

  • Emejulu, A. (2013) Being and belonging in Scotland: Exploring the intersection of ethnicity, gender and national identity among Scottish Pakistani groups. Scottish Affairs, 84(1), pp. 41–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Equal Opportunities Committee. (2001) Inquiry into Gypsy Travellers and public sector policies. Available at: bemis.org.uk/docs/gypsy_travellers_in_contemporary_scotland.pdf. Accessed 6 March 2013.

  • Farris, S. R., and de Jong, S. (2014) Discontinuous intersections: Second-generation immigrant girls in transition from school to work. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 37(9), pp. 1505–1525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feder, G. (1990) The politics of Traveller health research. Critical Public Health, 1(3), pp. 10–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernback, J. (2007) Beyond the diluted community concept: A symbolic interactionist perspective on online social relations. New Media & Society, 9(1), pp. 49–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1980) Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972–1977. New York: Pantheon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, A. (1953) The Gypsy problem: A survey of post-war developments. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, 3(3–4), pp. 82–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, N. (2007) Re-framing justice in a globalizing world. In: T. Lovell (ed.) (Mis)recognition, social inequality and social justice: Nancy Fraser and Pierre Bourdieu. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 17–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gmelch, G. (1975) The effects of economic change on Irish Traveller sex roles and marriage patterns. In: Rehfisch, F. (ed.) Gypsies, Tinkers and other Travellers, London: Academic Press, pp. 257–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gmelch, S. B. (1982) Gypsies in British cities: Problems and government response. Urban Anthropology, 11(3/4) pp. 347–376.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grampian Regional Council Social Strategy Unit. (1994) Movin’ on: A staff development awareness training pack on Scotland’s Travelling people. Aberdeen: Grampian Regional Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, R. M. (2013) Bearing memory: Re-visioning Scottish Traveller stories from 1950–2013. Unpublished PhD thesis, Colchester: University of Essex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenfeld, H. (1977) Gypsies. New York: Crown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, C. (2008) Nomads under the Westway: Irish Travellers, Gypsies and other traders in West London. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Groome, F. H. (1890–1891) Transportation of Gypsies from Scotland to America. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, 2(1), pp. 60–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grönfors, M. (1982) From scientific social science to responsible research: The lesson of the Finnish Gypsies. Acta Sociologica, 25(3), pp. 249–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grosz, E. A. (1994) Volatile bodies: Toward a corporeal feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • GRTPA. (2014) Gypsy/Roma/Traveller police association. Available at: www.grtpa.com. Accessed 5 May 2014.

  • Gutiérrez, K. (2004) Rethinking community: Implications for research. In The 17th Annual Conference on Interdisciplinary Qualitative Studies. University of Georgia, Athens, GA, January, pp. 9–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez, K. D., and Arzubiaga, A. E. (2012) An ecological and activity theoretic approach to studying diasporic and nondominant communities. Research on schools, neighbourhoods, and communities: Toward civic responsibility, pp. 203–216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gypsy Lore Society. (1912) Journal of the Gypsy lore society (Vol. 6). Liverpool: The Gypsy Lore Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gypsy Lore Society. (2015) Conference abstracts. Available at: http://www.gypsyloresociety.org/annual-meeting/2015-gypsy-lore-society-conference-abstracts. Accessed 5 August 2015.

  • Hancock, I. F. (1987) The pariah syndrome: An account of Gypsy slavery and persecution. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, I. (1997) The struggle for the control of identity. The Patrin Web Journal. Available at: www.geocities.com/Paris/5121/identity.htm.

  • Hancock, I. (2010) Danger! educated Gypsy: Selected essays. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawes, D., and Perez, B. (1996) The Gypsy and the state: The ethnic cleansing of British society, 2nd ed. Bristol: The Policy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heaslip, V. A. (2015) Experience of vulnerability from a Gypsy/Travelling perspective: A phenomenological study. Unpublished PhD thesis, Bournemouth: Bournemouth University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heuss, H. (2000) Anti-Gypsyism research: The creation of a new field of study. In: Acton, T. (ed.) Scholarship and the Gypsy struggle: Commitment in Romani studies. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, pp. 52–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holloway, S. L. (2003) Outsiders in rural society? Constructions of rurality and nature-society relations in the racialisation of English Gypsy-Travellers, 1869–1934. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 21(6), pp. 695–716.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hood, M. (1960) The challenge of “bi-musicality”. Ethnomusicology, 4(2), pp. 55–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • hooks, b. (1981) Ain’t I a woman: Black women and feminism. Boston: South End Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • hooks, b. (2010) Teaching critical thinking: Practical wisdom. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, Z. (2007) Policing marginal spaces: Controlling Gypsies and Travellers. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 7(4), pp. 367–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jarman, E., and Jarman, A. O. H. (1991) The Welsh Gypsies: Children of Abram Wood. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, A. (2005) The anarchy of empire in the making of US culture. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, E. A. (1997) Looking for the other: Feminism, film, and the imperial gaze. New York: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kenrick, D. (1993) From India to the Mediterranean: The migration of the Gypsies (Vol. 3). Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenrick, D. (1998) Historical dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies). Lanham: Scarecrow Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenrick, D., and Clark, C. (1999) Moving on: The Gypsies and Travellers of Britain. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knowles, G., and Lander, V. (2011) Diversity, equality and achievement in education. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liégeois, J. P., and Gheorghe, N. (1995) Roma/Gypsies. London: Minority Rights Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, S. (1996) Behind the picture postcard: Domestic violence in rural areas. Women and access in rural areas, pp. 82–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, G. (2005) Problem girls: Understanding and supporting troubled and troublesome girls and young women. London: Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorde, A. (2007) Sister outsider: Essays and speeches. Berkeley: Crossing Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackenzie, A. (1883 [2012]) The History of the Highland clearances, Lenox, MA: Hard Press Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacRitchie, D. (1894) Scottish Gypsies under the Stewarts. Edinburgh: D. Douglas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandla vs. Dowell-Lee [1983] UKHL 7, (1983) 2 AC 548. Available at: http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1982/7.html.

  • Mayall, D. (1995) English Gypsies and state policy. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayall, D. (1997) Egyptians and vagabonds: Representations of the Gypsy in early modern official and rogue literature. Immigrants and Minorities, 16(3), pp. 55–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayall, D. (2004) History of Gypsy identities 1500–2000: From Egyptians and Moonmen to Ethnic Romany. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCaffery, J. (2009) Gypsies and Travellers: Literacy, discourse and communicative practices. Compare, 39(5), pp. 643–657.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCormick, A. (1907) The Tinkler-Gypsies. Dumfries: J. Maxwell and Son.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinney, R. (2001) Different lessons: Scottish Gypsy/Travellers and the future of education. Edinburgh: Scottish Travellers Consortium.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKinney, R. (2003) Views from the margins: Gypsy/Travellers and the ethnicity debate in the new Scotland. Scottish Affairs, 42 (Winter), pp. 13–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MECOPP. (2012) Hidden carers, unheard voices. Edinburgh: Minority Ethnic Carers of People Project. Available at: http://www.mecopp.org.uk/files/documents/annual_reports/hidden_carers___unheard_voices_report.pdf. Accessed 21 November 2012.

  • MECOPP., Lloyd, M., and Ross, P. (eds.) (2014) Moving Minds: Gypsy/Travellers in Scotland. Edinburgh: MECOPP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mirza, H. S. (2015) Harvesting our collective intelligence: Black British feminism in post-race times. Women’s Studies International Forum, 51, pp. 1–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morris, R. (2000) The invisibility of Gypsies and other Travellers. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 21(4), pp. 397–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, R. (2003) Romaphobia: Animosity, exclusion, invisibility and Travelling people in the UK. Unpublished PhD thesis, Cardiff: Cardiff University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, R. C., and Clements, L. J. (2002) At what cost?: The economics of Gypsy and Traveller encampments. Bristol: Policy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulvey, L. (1975) Visual pleasure and narrative cinema. Screen, 16(3), pp. 6–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulvey, L. (1989) British feminist film theory’s female spectators: Presence and absence. Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies, 7(2–3 [20–21]), pp. 68–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, R. (1875 [1983]) The Gypsies of the border. Galashiels: RC Hodges.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Association of Teachers of Travellers (NATT). (2015) Gypsy Roma Traveller History Month: Myths and Truths. Available at: http://grthm.natt.org.uk/myths-and-truths.php. Accessed 3 September 2014.

  • Neat, T. (1996) The summer walkers: Travelling people and pearl-fishers in the Highlands of Scotland. Edinburgh: Canongate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neat, T. (1999) The voice of the bard: Living poets and ancient tradition in the Highlands and Islands. Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nemeth, D. (2002) Gypsy-American: An ethnogeography. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ni Shuinear, S. (1997) Why do Gaujos hate Gypsies so much anyway? In: Acton, T. (ed.) Gypsy politics and Traveller identity, Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, pp. 26–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okely, J. (1975) Gypsies travelling in southern England. In: Rehfisch, F. (ed.) Gypsies, Tinkers and other Travellers, London: Academic Press, pp. 55–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okely, J. (1983) The Traveller-Gypsies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okely, J. (1994) Constructing difference: Gypsies as “other”. Anthropological Journal on European Cultures, 3(2), pp. 55–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oxford Dictionary. (2015) Oxford Dictionary Online. Cant [Def. 2]. Available at: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/cant. Accessed 13 September 2014.

  • Parry, G., Van Cleemput, P., Peters, J., and Moore, J. et al. (2004) The Health Status of Gypsies and Travellers in England. Sheffield: University of Sheffield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, J., and Gower, H. (1995) Jeannie Robertson: Emergent singer, transformative voice. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prebble, J. (1971) The lion in the north: A personal view of Scotland’s history. New York: Coward, McCann and Geoghegan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Razack, S. (ed.). (2002) Race, space, and the law: Unmapping a White Settler Society. Toronto: Between the Lines.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rehfisch, A., and Rehfisch, F. (1975) Scottish Travellers or Tinkers. In: Rehfisch, F. (ed.) Gypsies, Tinkers and other Travellers. London: Academic Press, pp. 271–283.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, W. (1997) Scottish Gypsies/Travellers and the folklorists. Romani culture and Gypsy identity, pp. 29–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid, S. (2008) Never to return: The harrowing story of a stolen childhood. Edinburgh: Black and White Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, M., McCartan, D., and Knipe, D. (2003) Traveller culture and lifestyle as factors influencing children’s integration into mainstream secondary schools in West Belfast. International Journal Inclusive Education, 7(4), pp. 403–414.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, J. (2006) The Gypsy debate: Can discourse control? Exeter: Imprint Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, J., and Ryder, A. (2012) Gypsies and Travellers: Empowerment and inclusion in British society. British: Policy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridge, M., and Yin-Har Lau, A. (2011) Addressing the impact of social exclusion on mental health in Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller communities. Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 15(3), pp. 129–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Save the Children Scotland. (2005) Having our say. Available at: http://www.gypsy-Traveller.org/your-family/young-people/educational-reports-and-resources. Accessed November 2012.

  • Schröter, M. (2013) Silence and concealment in political discourse (Vol. 48). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Scottish Centre for Social Research. (2010) Scottish Social Attitudes Survey 2010. Available at: http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/355763/0120175.pdf. Accessed 7 November 2012.

  • Scottish Centre for Social Research. (2015) Scottish Social Attitudes Survey 2015 [Online]. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-social-attitudes-2015-attitudes-discrimination-positive-action/. Accessed 10 October 2016.

  • Seagrave, J. (1996) Defining community policing. American Journal of Police, 15(2), pp. 1–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shubin, S. (2010) “Where can a Gypsy stop?” Rethinking mobility in Scotland. Antipode, 43(2), pp. 494–524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shubin, S. (2011) Travelling as being: Understanding mobility amongst Scottish Gypsy Travellers. Environment and Planning A, 43(8), pp. 1930–1947.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smart, H., Titterton, M., and Clark, C. (2003) A literature review of the health of Gypsy/Traveller families in Scotland: The challenges for health promotion. Health Education, 103(3), pp. 156–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. (2002) Jessie’s journey: Autobiography of a Traveller girl (Vol. 1). Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. (2006) Bruar’s rest. Edinburgh: Mercat Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. (2008) Tales from the tent. Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. (2012) Way of the wanderers: The story of Travellers in Scotland. Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spears, A. K. (2006) “Perspectives: A view of the ‘N-Word’ from sociolinguistics”. Diverse Issues in Higher Education, 12 July 2006. Retrieved October 2015: http://diverseeducation.com/article/6114/.

  • STEP. (2013) Scottish Traveller Education Programme, The University of Edinburgh. Available at: http://www.step.education.ed.ac.uk/travelling-communities-in-scotland/. Accessed September 2012 to November 2014.

  • Stewart, M. (1997) The time of the Gypsies. Oxford: Westview Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, S. (2006) Queen amang the heather: The life of Belle Stewart. Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, S. (2008) Pilgrims of the mist: The stories of Scotland’s Travelling people. Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, M. (2012) Gypsy ‘menace’. London: Hurst and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Surdu, M. (2016) Those who count. Budapest: Central European University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Talbani, A., and Hasanali, P. (2000) Adolescent females between tradition and modernity: Gender role socialization in South Asian immigrant culture. Journal of Adolescence, 23(5), pp. 615–627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, Charles. (1994) The politics of recognition. In Goldberg D. T. (ed.) Multiculturalism: A Critical Reader. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 75–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Encyclopaedia Britannica. (1954) Gypsy, p. 852.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Encyclopaedia Britannica. (1974) Slang in European Languages, pp. 852–853f.

    Google Scholar 

  • The Scottish Government. (2010) Gypsies/Travellers in Scotland: The twice-yearly count. Available at: https://www.gov.scot/Publications/2010/08/18105029/3. Accessed 16 August 2018.

  • The Scottish Parliament. (2013) Equal Opportunities Committee 1st Report 2013 (Session 4): Where Gypsy/Travellers live. Available at: http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/S4_EqualOpportunitiesCommittee/Reports/eor-13-01w.pdf. Accessed 10 May 2013.

  • Thompson, T. W. (1928) Gleanings from constables’ accounts and other sources. Romani Studies, 7(1), pp. 30–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tobler, C. A. (2012) Breathing it in: The musical identity of the Scottish Travellers. Unpublished PhD thesis, Baltimore: University of Maryland Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tong, D. (1998) Gypsies: An interdisciplinary reader. London: Taylor and Francis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Traveller Times. (2018) Gypsy, Roma and Traveller children in care—A TT investigation. Available at: https://www.travellerstimes.org.uk/features/gypsy-roma-and-traveller-children-care-tt-investigation. Accessed 20 August 2018.

  • United Nations. (2009) Permanent forum in indigenous issues fact sheet. Available at: http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/5session_factsheet1.pdf. Accessed 8 March 2015.

  • Walkerdine, V., Lucey, H., and Melody, J. (2001) Growing up girl: Psycho-social explorations of gender and class. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whyte, B. (2000) Red rowans and wild honey. Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whyte, B. (2001) The yellow on the broom: The early days of a Traveller woman. Edinburgh: Birlinn Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whyte, D. (2001) Scottish Gypsies and other Travellers: A short history. Alfreton: Robert Dawson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, D. (1994) The Horsieman: Memories of a Traveller 1928–1958. Edinburgh: Canongate Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, J. M., and Leighton, A. (1885) Wilson’s Tales of the borders and of Scotland: Historical, traditionary, and imaginative, with a glossary (Vol. 2). Glasgow: William MacKenzie.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Marcus, G. (2019). Power and Silence: The Social Construction of Gypsies and Travellers. In: Gypsy and Traveller Girls . Studies in Childhood and Youth. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03703-1_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03703-1_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-03702-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-03703-1

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics