Abstract
After the so-called eastern crisis engulfed the EU Neighbourhood, attention was drawn in particular to the mismatch between eastern neighbours’ needs and vulnerabilities and the EU assistance, to the changing geopolitical context in the region as well as to the limits of the EU transformative power. This chapter focuses on six countries—Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan—that fall under the EU-Eastern Partnership framework. It takes stock of the ‘pre-crisis’ evolution of the European Neighbourhood Policy in the east by crossing two dimensions: the outside-in policies promoted by the EU vis-à-vis its eastern neighbours and the inside-in practices of adaptation, contestation, or subversion of EU programmes by local actors. This exploration helps illuminate broader questions about the limits and enabling conditions for the EU’s transformative power in its neighbourhood.
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Notes
- 1.
This chapter builds on the previous analysis produced for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (see, e.g. Youngs and Pishchikova (2013) Smart Geostrategy as well as the author’s commentaries for Strategic Europe, and Eurasia Outlook blogs). The author is thankful to Richard Youngs for this inspiring collaboration.
- 2.
See also chapter “Russia’s Strategy of Forging Spaces Around Itself” by Penkova in this volume.
- 3.
Putin’s visit to the Azeri capital Baku to sign four-billion worth of advanced weaponry sales contract only days before Armenia’s decision did not go unnoticed.
- 4.
In addition to Russia’s alleged attempts to meddle in a number of elections in EU member states, its courting of anti-EU parties, and its blackmailing of more vulnerable EU member states, the recent Salisbury attack reinforced the perception of Russia as an immediate security threat to the west and led to a tit-for-tat diplomatic stand-off unprecedented in the post-Cold War history.
- 5.
See also chapter “Re-conceptualising EU-North Africa Relations: ‘Outside-In’ and ‘Inside-Out’ Dynamics” by Colombo in this volume.
- 6.
Multilateral platforms include: 1. Democracy, good governance and stability; 2. Economic integration and convergence with EU policies; 3. Energy security; 4. Contacts between people; and six flagship initiatives: Integrated Border Management Programme; Small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) Facility; Regional energy markets and energy efficiency; Diversification of energy supply; Prevention of, preparedness for, and response to natural and man-made disasters; Good environmental governance.
- 7.
See also chapter “From a Regional to a Global Power, in Potency: The EU’s Global Strategy” by Giusti in this volume.
- 8.
See also the publications with indexes for previous year at http://www.eap-index.eu
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Pishchikova, K. (2019). Facing a Fragmented Neighbourhood: The EU and Six Eastern Partnership Countries. In: Giusti, S., Mirkina, I. (eds) The EU in a Trans-European Space. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03679-9_8
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