Abstract
Land grabbing, both violent and non-violent, in Colombia and (potentially violent) industrial-scale oil theft and massive fuel subsidy scamming in Nigeria are manifestations of instances of crimilegality in hybrid political orders. Rather than representing processes of gradual criminal intrusion, co-optation and penetration of the state, these examples of crimilegality reveal that in Colombia and Nigeria legal-legitimate and illegal-illegitimate state and non-state actors are participating—sometimes on equal terms—in crimilegal schemes. Land grabbing, fuel subsidy scamming and oil theft illustrate not only different manifestations of crimilegality, but also the varying points at which they are located on the crimilegality-crimilegitimacy spectrum.
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Schultze-Kraft, M. (2019). Instances of Crimilegality in Colombia and Nigeria. In: Crimilegal Orders, Governance and Armed Conflict . Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03442-9_4
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