Abstract
Cities and regions have a number of different strategies aiming to improve the urban environment and economic activities. The concepts of innovation and smart city development are among the key phrases or catchwords. These strategies apply to similar topics and the goal setting the present is very alike. The cloning idea is visible, even though similarities are probably caused by the European Union level strategies that function as guidelines for national policies and strategies. As stated, environment and sustainability are strongly present in smart city agenda. Therefore, studied strategies expand the smart city definition to include traditional problems of urban growth. This chapter focuses on generating insights from Northern European countries and regions.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Azadegan, A., & Pai, D. (2008). Industrial awards as manifests of business performance: An empirical assessment. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 14, 149–159.
Bassett-Jones, N. (2005). The paradox of diversity management, creativity and innovation. Creativity and Innovation Management, 14, 169–175.
Bernier, L., & Hafsi, T. (2007). The changing nature of public entrepreneurship. Public Administration Review, 67, 488–503.
Borins, S. (1998). Innovating with integrity: How local heroes are transforming American government. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Borins, S. (2000). What border? Public management innovation in the United States and Canada. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 19, 46–74.
Borins, S. (2001). Innovation success and failure in public management research: Some methodological reflections. Public Management Review, 3, 3–17.
Chari, V. V., Golosov, M., & Tsyvinski, A. (2012). Prizes and patents: Using market signals to provide incentives for innovations. Journal of Economic Theory, 147, 781–801.
City of Copenhagen. (2017). The city of Copenhagen’s business and growth policy 2015–2020. Available online https://international.kk.dk/sites/international.kk.dk/files/uploadedfiles/Business_and_%20Growth_%20Policy.pdf.
City of Helsinki. (2017). The most functional city in the world. Helsinki city strategy 2017–2021. Available online https://www.hel.fi/static/helsinki/kaupunkistrategia/strategia-en-2017-2021.pdf.
City of Stockholm. (2017). Strategi för Stockholm som smart och uppkopplad stad. Available online http://www.stockholm.se/PageFiles/130302/Strategi-for-en-smart-och-uppkoppladstad-Stockholms-stad.pdf.
City of Tallinn. (2013). Tallinn enterprise and innovation strategy 2014–2018. Available online http://www.tallinn.ee/eng/investor/Tallinn-Enterprise-and-Innovation-Strategy-2014-2018.
Dodge, M., & Kitchin, R. (2001). Mapping cyberspace. London: Routledge.
Eurostat. (2018). Database. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database.
Georghiou, L., Smith, K., Toivainen, O., & Ylä-Anttila, P. (2003). Evaluation of the Finnish innovation support system. Publications 5. Helsinki: Ministry of Trade and Industry Finland.
Government of Finland. (2006). A renewing, human-centric and competitive Finland. The national knowledge society strategy 2007–2015. Helsinki: Prime Minister’s Office.
Hisrich, R., Peters, M., & Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurship (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Inkinen, T. (2005). European coherence and regional policy? A Finnish perspective on the observed and reported territorial impacts of EU research and development policies. European Planning Studies, 13(7), 1113–1122.
Inkinen, T. (2015). Reflections on the innovative city: Examining three innovative locations in a knowledge bases framework. Journal of Open Innovation, 1(8), 1–23.
Inkinen, T., & Kaakinen, I. (2016). Economic geography of knowledge intensive technology clusters: Lessons from the Helsinki metropolitan area. Journal of Urban Technology, 23(1), 95–114.
Inkinen, T., & Vaattovaara, M. (2007). Technology and knowledge-based development. Helsinki metropolitan area as a creative region. ACRE report 2.5. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.
Inkinen, T., & Vaattovaara, M. (2010). Creative urban region in the Nordic country. Combining tradition with development in Helsinki. In K. Metaxiotis, F. J. Carrillo & T. Yigitcanlar (Eds.), Knowledge-based development of cities and societies: Integrated multi-level approaches (pp. 196–210). Hershey: IGI Global.
Kiuru, J., & Inkinen, T. (2017). Predicting innovative growth and demand with proximate human capital: A case study of the Helsinki metropolitan area. Cities, 64, 9–17.
Kusiak, A. (2007). Innovation: The living laboratory perspective. Computer-Aided Design and Applications, 4(6), 863–876.
Laforet, S. (2008). Size, strategic and market orientation effects on innovation. Journal of Business Research, 61, 753–764.
Laforet, S. (2009). Effects of size, market and strategic orientation on innovation in non-high-tech manufacturing SMEs. European Journal of Marketing, 43, 188–212.
Makkonen, T., & Inkinen, T. (2013). Innovative capacity, educational attainment and economic development in the European Union: Causal relations and geographical variations. European Planning Studies, 21(12), 1958–1976.
Makkonen, T., & Inkinen, T. (2014). Innovation quality in knowledge cities: Empirical evidence of innovation award competitions in Finland. Expert Systems with Applications, 41(12), 5597–5604.
Makkonen, T., & Inkinen, T. (2015). Geographical and temporal variation of regional development and innovation in Finland. Fennia. International Journal of Geography, 193(1), 134–147.
Marrocu, E., & Paci, R. (2012). Education or creativity: What matters most for economic performance? Economic Geography, 88(4), 369–401.
OECD. (2018). Programme for international student assessment. Available online www.oecd.org/pisa/.
Ramstadt, E. (2009). Expanding innovation system and policy: An organizational perspective. Policy Studies, 30, 533–553.
Reddick, C. (Ed.). (2010). Comparative e-government: An examination of e-government adoption across countries. Integrated Series in Information Systems, 25. New York: Springer.
RodrÃguez BolÃvar, M. P. (Ed.). (2018). Smart technologies for smart governments. Transparency, efficiency and organizational issues. New York: Springer.
Sotarauta, M., & Kautonen, M. (2007). Co-evolution of the Finnish national and local innovation and science arenas: Towards a dynamic understanding of multi-level governance. Regional Studies, 41(8), 1085–1098.
Stolarick, K., & Florida, R. (2005). Creativity, connection and innovation: A study of the linkages in the Montréal region. Environment and Planning A, 38, 1799–1817.
Wessner, C. (2009). Government programs to encourage innovation by start-ups & SMEs: The role of innovation awards. In S. Nagaoka, M. Kondo, K. Flamm, & C. Wessner (Eds.), 21st century innovation systems for Japan and the United States: Lessons from a decade of change (pp. 77–95). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Weerakkody, V., & Reddick, C. G. (Eds.). (2012). Public sector transformation through e-government: Experiences from Europe and North America. London: Routledge.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yigitcanlar, T., Inkinen, T. (2019). Insights from Northern European Countries and Regions. In: Geographies of Disruption. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03207-4_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03207-4_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-03206-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-03207-4
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)