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The US Republic and Its Transformation into an Oligarchic Tyranny

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The World Disorder

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Abstract

Moniz Bandeira offers a historical analysis about the increasing influence of the financial-military complex on the US politics between the 1920s and 1939–1945. Its conceptual reference is the phenomenon of mutazionne dello stato, with the republic transforming into a tyranny when the oligarchy and financial capital are no longer capable of maintaining balance in society through the normal means of repression, as in Italy and Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. The same process was in full swing in the United States during the same period, as large parts of the American business community feared communism, admired fascism, and cooperated with the rise and consolidation of Adolf Hitler’s tyranny. In 1933, Wall Street financiers planned to overthrow President Roosevelt in a fascist coup.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Luiz Alberto Moniz Bandeira, 1969, p. 7.

  2. 2.

    “[…] Mutazione che si fanno dalla vita libera alla tirannica, e per contrario, alguna se ne faccia con sangue, alguna senza […].” Niccoló Machiavelli, 2013, pp. 491–492; Hannah Arendt, 1965, pp. 35–36.

  3. 3.

    The New Deal President Roosevelt promoted in order to recover the United States from the Great Depression, caused by the crash of 1929, consisted of economic and social reforms aimed at reducing and ending unemployment and poverty. Some of its main measures were the Social Security Act, the US Housing Authority, the Farm Security Administration, and the Fair Labor Standards Act, which set maximum working hours and minimum wages for most categories of workers.

  4. 4.

    “McCormack-Dickstein Committee”. US House of Representatives, Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Investigation of Nazi Propaganda Activities and Investigation of Certain Other Propaganda Activities United States Congress. Available at: <http://www.archives.gov/legislative/guide/house/chapter-22-select-propaganda.html>; Barbara Lamonica, “The Attempted Coup against FDR”. PROBE, March/April 1999 issue (Vol. 6 n° 3). Available at: <http://www.ctka.net/pr399-fdr.html>; Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., 2003, pp. 83–86.

  5. 5.

    George Seldes, Facts and Fascism. New York: In Fact Inc., 5th Edition, 1943, pp. 105–114; Denton, Sally. The Plots against the President—FDR, a Nation in Crisis, and the Rise of the American Right. New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2012, pp. 192–197.

  6. 6.

    Barbara Lamonica, “The Attempted Coup against FDR”. PROBE, March/April 1999 issue (Vol. 6, no. 3). Available at: <http://www.ctka.net/pr399-fdr.html>; Sally Denton, 2012, p. 54.

  7. 7.

    Katie L. Delacenserie, & (professor) James W. Oberly, & Eau Claire Wisconsin, “Wall Street’s Search for a Man on a White Horse: The Plot to Overthrow Franklin Delano Roosevelt”. For Presentation to History 489. University of Wisconsin- Eau Claire. Spring 2008, p. 29; “The Business Plot (Takeover of the White House) 1933”. January 10, 2009. Available at: <http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread426623/pg1>.

  8. 8.

    “Investigation of un-American propaganda activities in the United States. Hearings before a Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, Seventy-fifth Congress, third session-Seventy-eighth Congress, second session, on H. Res. 282, to investigate (l) the extent, character, and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States; (2) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and un-American propaganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and attacks the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitution; and (3) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress in any necessary remedial legislation”. United States Congress House. Special Committee on Un-American Activities (1938–1944). Volume: Appendix pt. 7. Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Office. National Archive. Available at: <https://archive.org/stream/investigationofu07unit/investigationofu07unit_djvu.txt>.

  9. 9.

    Jules Archer, 2007, pp. 20–34.

  10. 10.

    Although the United States have not experienced actual military coups because of its cultural and political traditions and its highly developed capitalism, four of its presidents have been assassinated as a result of plots to change the government: Abraham Lincoln (1865), James Garfield (1881), William McKinley (1901), and John F. Kennedy (1963). Another five suffered attempts of their lives but escaped. Andrew Jackson (1835), Franklin D. Roosevelt as president elect (1933), Harry S. Truman (1950), Gerald Ford (1975), and Ronald Reagan (1981).

  11. 11.

    Sally Denton, 2012, pp. 1, 31–32, 191.

  12. 12.

    Clayton Cramer, “An American Coup d’État?” History Today, vol. 45, issue: 11, 1995. Available at: <http://www.historytoday.com/clayton-cramer/american-coup-detat>; “An attempted American coup d’État: 1934”. What Really Happened—The History the Government hopes you don’t learn. Available at: <http://whatreallyhappened.com/WRHARTICLES/coup.htmlDouglasa>.

  13. 13.

    Charles Higham, 1983, pp. 162–165.

  14. 14.

    George Seldes, 1943, pp. 244–245.

  15. 15.

    Letters of Henry Adams (1892–1918)—Edited by Worthington Chauncey Ford—Boston/Nova York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1938, vol. II, p. 99. Available at: <http://archive.org/stream/lettersofhenryad008807mbp/lettersofhenryad008807mbp_djvu.txt>.

  16. 16.

    Ben Aris (Berlin) & Duncan Campbell, (Washington), “How Bush’s grandfather helped Hitler’s rise to power”. The Guardian, September 25, 2004.

  17. 17.

    Facsimile available at: <http://www.fleshingoutskullandbones.com/P.Bush-Union_Banking/NYTH.html#>.

  18. 18.

    Michael Kranish, “Prescott Bush & Nazis”, Boston Globe, July 4, 2001. The Mail Archive, available at: <https://www.mail-archive.com/ctrl%40listserv.aol.com/msg71122.htm>; Idem. “Powerful alliance aids ‘Bushes’ rise”. (Part One), Boston Globe, April 22, 2001; Idem. “Triumph, troubles shape generations”. (Part Two), Boston Globe, April 23, 2001; Bushology Interactive: 2000–2004—The Bush dynasty. Available at: <http://www.moldea.com/bushology3.html>.

  19. 19.

    Sidney Warburg, 1995, pp. 14–16 and 44–47; Antony C. Sutton, 2011, pp. 25–30, 132.

  20. 20.

    Ben Aris, (Berlin) & Duncan Campbell (Washington), “How Bush’s grandfather helped Hitler’s rise to power.” The Guardian, September 25, 2004; “Documents: Bush’s Grandfather Directed Bank Tied to Man Who Funded Hitler”, October 17, 2003. Associated Press. Available at: <http://www.foxnews.com/story/2003/10/17/documents-bush-grandfather-directed-bank-tied-to-man-who-funded-hitler/>.

  21. 21.

    “Documents: Bush’s Grandfather Directed Bank Tied to Man Who Funded Hitler.” October 17, 2003. Quoted.

  22. 22.

    Available at: <http://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/sep/25/usa.secondworldwar/print>.

  23. 23.

    Webster Griffin Tarpley & Anton Chaitkin, 1982, pp. 28–34; Ben Aris, (Berlin) & Duncan Campbell (Washington), “How Bush’s grandfather helped Hitler’s rise to power.” The Guardian, September 25, 2004.

  24. 24.

    “Looking behind the Bushes—Great moments in a great American family.” The Progressive Review. An Online Journal of Alternative News & Information. Available at: <http://prorev.com/bush2.htm>.

  25. 25.

    Russ Baker & Jonathan Z. Larsen, “CIA Helped Bush Senior in Oil Venture”. Real News Project, January 8, 2007. Available at: <http://www.ctka.net/zapata.html>.

  26. 26.

    Sally Denton, 2012, p. 54.

  27. 27.

    George Seldes, 1943, pp. 154–155.

  28. 28.

    Ibidem, p. 154.

  29. 29.

    Ibidem, p. 155.

  30. 30.

    Ibidem, p. 46.

  31. 31.

    William E Dodd Jr. & Martha Dodd (Editors), 1943, pp. 35 and 45.

  32. 32.

    Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., 1960, p. 82.

  33. 33.

    Antony C. Sutton, 2002, pp. 167–172.

  34. 34.

    William Randolph Hearst was played by Orson Welles in the film Citizen Kane, produced in 1941. This film, directed by Welles, is considered one of the masterpieces of cinema.

  35. 35.

    Ibidem, pp. 84–86.

  36. 36.

    William E. Dodd, Jr. & Martha Dodd (Editors), 1943, p. 288.

  37. 37.

    Edwin Black, “How IBM Helped Automate the Nazi Death Machine in Poland” Week of March 27-April 2, 2002 [Posted on March 26, 2002]. Available at: <http://emperors-clothes.com/analysis/ibm.htm>; Edwin Black is the author of the book IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance between Nazi Germany and America’s Most Powerful Corporation.

  38. 38.

    Gesche Sager, “Henry Ford und die Nazis—Der Diktator von Detroit.” Spiegel Online, July 29, 2008. Available at: <http://www.spiegel.de/einestages/henry-ford-und-die-nazis-a-947358.html>.

  39. 39.

    William E. Dodd Jr. & Martha Dodd (Editors), 1943, pp. 299–300.

  40. 40.

    Truman Smith, 1984, pp. 117, 143.

  41. 41.

    William E. Dodd Jr. & Martha Dodd (Editors), pp. 299–300.

  42. 42.

    Antony C. Sutton, 2002, pp. 67–76; Joseph Borkin, 1978, pp.76–94.

  43. 43.

    Charles Higham, 1983, pp. 54–55; George Seldes, 1943, pp. 252–253.

  44. 44.

    William E. Dodd Jr. & Martha Dodd (Editors), 1943, pp. 352–353.

  45. 45.

    “William E. Dodd to Franklin D. Roosevelt.” Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum—Great Britain/German Diplomatic Files—Box 32—Folder Titles List Dodd–>FDR 10/19/36. Germany: William E. Dodd: 1936–38 (i300) Index. Available at: <http://docs.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/psf/box32/a300l02.html>.

  46. 46.

    Dodd interview: Federated Press, January 7, 1938. ApudGeorge Seldes, 1943, pp. 122–123; Sheldon Drobny, “Bob Novak Thinks Prescott Bush Was A Liberal.” Huffington Post, July 27, 2007. Available at: <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheldon-drobny/bob-novak-thinks-prescott_b_58119.html>.

  47. 47.

    George Seldes, 1943, pp. 135–138; Gesche Sager, “Henry Ford und die Nazis—Der Diktator von Detroit”. Spiegel Online, July 29, 2008. Available at: <http://www.spiegel.de/einestages/henry-ford-und-die-nazis-a-947358.html>.

  48. 48.

    Jacques R. Pauwels, “Profits über Alles! American Corporations and Hitler”. Global Research, May 15, 2014—Global Research, June 8, 2004. Centre for Research on Globalization. Available at: <http://www.globalresearch.ca/profits-ber-alles-american-corporations-and-hitler/4607>.

  49. 49.

    Edwin Black, “The Nazi Party: General Motors & the Third Reich”. Jewish Virtual Library. American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Available at: <http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/gm.html>; Jacques R. Pauwels, “Profits über Alles! American Corporations and Hitler”. Global Research, May 15, 2014 -Global Research, June 8, 2004. Centre for Research on Globalization. Available at: <http://www.globalresearch.ca/profits-ber-alles-american-corporations-and-hitler/4607>.

  50. 50.

    Charles Higham, 1983, p. 176.

  51. 51.

    Joseph Borkin, 1978, pp. 121–123 and 205; Paul Joseph Watson, “Former Nazi Bank to Rule the Global Economy”. PrisonPlanet.com, April 30, 2010/In Featured Stories, Old Infowars Posts Style. Available at: <http://www.infowars.com/former-nazi-bank-to-rule-the-global-economy/>.

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  1. Emeritus professor for History, University of Brasília, St. Leon-Rot, Germany

    Luiz Alberto Moniz Bandeira

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  1. Luiz Alberto Moniz Bandeira
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Moniz Bandeira, L.A. (2019). The US Republic and Its Transformation into an Oligarchic Tyranny. In: The World Disorder. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03204-3_2

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