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Social Insurance and Older People in Cyprus pp 139–173Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

The Republic of Cyprus, 1960–1974

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Abstract

This chapter will discuss and offer an analysis of the social insurance system within the independent state of Cyprus by exploring the scheme’s further development, especially the first major amendment to the scheme and the appearance and role of the elderly people’s movement. The chapter will also explore the impact of the 1974 war on the social insurance scheme and the elderly population in particular.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The Social Insurance Law of 1964.

  2. 2.

    Constitution of the Republic Cyprus, 1960, Article 9: 5.

  3. 3.

    Amitsis and Marini, 2003.

  4. 4.

    The Social Insurance Law, 31, 1956.

  5. 5.

    Mchomvu, Tungaraza and Maghimbi 2002; Barya, 2011.

  6. 6.

    Statistical Abstract, 2002.

  7. 7.

    The total population of Cyprus in 1960 was 563,000 people.

  8. 8.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1960.

  9. 9.

    Antoniou, 2009.

  10. 10.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1961.

  11. 11.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1962.

  12. 12.

    Yiallouros, 2007.

  13. 13.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1961.

  14. 14.

    Chrysostomou, 2009.

  15. 15.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1962.

  16. 16.

    Evanthia Papassava, 2009.

  17. 17.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1963.

  18. 18.

    Barya, 2011.

  19. 19.

    Esping-Andersen, 1985.

  20. 20.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1963: 56.

  21. 21.

    The Bill was enacted into Law by the House of Representatives on March 30, 1964.

  22. 22.

    3395 persons were receiving old age pension by the end of 1964 payable at the weekly rate of £1.200 mills (mill was a Cypriot monetary unit equal to one thousandth of a pound).

  23. 23.

    Social Insurance Law, 2 of 1964 (section 24).

  24. 24.

    Pelekanos in National Committee for Ageing in Cyprus, 1983: 125.

  25. 25.

    Antoniou, 2009.

  26. 26.

    Lasettas in PEO, 1971b.

  27. 27.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1960; PEO minutes, 1971a.

  28. 28.

    PEO, 1987; Yiallouros, 2007.

  29. 29.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1960.

  30. 30.

    The Social Insurance Law, 2 of 1964 (section 24); Yiallouros, 2007.

  31. 31.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1969.

  32. 32.

    Graikos, 1991.

  33. 33.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1962; Department of Labour, 1962.

  34. 34.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1962; Yiallouros, 2007.

  35. 35.

    Thullen, 1963.

  36. 36.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1962.

  37. 37.

    Myers, 1963; Yiallouros, 2007.

  38. 38.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1963; PEO, 1986.

  39. 39.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1963.

  40. 40.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1963.

  41. 41.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1965.

  42. 42.

    In 1963, Archbishop Makarios III, the elected president of Cyprus at the time, put forward a set of 13 proposed constitutional amendments intended, as the president had stated, “to resolve constitutional deadlocks”. His intention was seen as the spark of the inter-communal conflict. The underground militant movements of EOKA B′ and TMT rekindled the mistrust increasing the tension and leading the way for a physical separation of the two communities.

  43. 43.

    That situation has been also called the Turkish-Cypriot mutiny.

  44. 44.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1964.

  45. 45.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1964: 3.

  46. 46.

    National Committee for Ageing in Cyprus, 1983: 125.

  47. 47.

    Antoniou, 2009.

  48. 48.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1964.

  49. 49.

    Protopapas, 2010.

  50. 50.

    Saville, 1957; Esping-Andersen, 1985.

  51. 51.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1965.

  52. 52.

    Yiallouros, 2007, p. 23.

  53. 53.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1964.

  54. 54.

    Amitsis and Marini, 2003.

  55. 55.

    Antoniou, 2009.

  56. 56.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and social Insurance, 1967.

  57. 57.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1960–1974; Antoniou, 2007.

  58. 58.

    Antoniou, 2007.

  59. 59.

    Graikos, 1991.

  60. 60.

    Antoniou, 2007, 2009.

  61. 61.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1964.

  62. 62.

    Regarding Ziartides, Antonis Protopapas (2010) pointed out that “Ziartides was the biggest bright personality of the working class in Cyprus who had vision and managed to persuade the Ministry of Labour and the bourgeoisie” [about the need for a modification in social insurance].

  63. 63.

    PEO, 1980: 1.

  64. 64.

    A denomination used by some currencies, the equivalent of a tenth of a cent or penny, or a thousandth of a Cyprus pound.

  65. 65.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1966.

  66. 66.

    Graikos, 1991.

  67. 67.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1965.

  68. 68.

    The Social Insurance Law of 1964; Yiallouros, 2007.

  69. 69.

    Yiallouros, 2007.

  70. 70.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1968.

  71. 71.

    PEO, 1983a, b.

  72. 72.

    The Social Insurance Law, 1972.

  73. 73.

    The Social Insurance Law, 106 of 1972 (sections 4, 7 and 9).

  74. 74.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1973.

  75. 75.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1973.

  76. 76.

    Social Insurance (Amendment) Law, 22 of 1974.

  77. 77.

    Pelekanos in National Committee for Ageing in Cyprus, 1983; Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1974.

  78. 78.

    Michael Antoniou, 2007: 1.

  79. 79.

    Varnava, 2009.

  80. 80.

    Varnava, 2006.

  81. 81.

    According to EKYSY’s mission statement, its mission is the defence of the rights and interests of its members. It has strong ties with other pensioners’ organizations and organizations of persons of advanced age in Cyprus and abroad. Any Cypriot citizen or Cyprus resident who is entitled to retirement pension, widowhood, invalidity or disablement, social pension or any other kind of pension, allowance or assistance from any fund in Cyprus or abroad can join EKYSY irrespective of gender, race, religion or nationality.

  82. 82.

    Michael Panagi, 2003.

  83. 83.

    Skarparis, 2008.

  84. 84.

    Panagi, 2010.

  85. 85.

    Bottomore, 1979; Giddens, 1989a, b; Heywood, 1997.

  86. 86.

    Ergatiko Vima, 1973: 1.

  87. 87.

    Syntaxiouhos, 2003.

  88. 88.

    Syntaxiouhos, 2003.

  89. 89.

    Varnava, 2006.

  90. 90.

    Tilly, 1984; Giugni, McAdam and Tilly, 1999.

  91. 91.

    Morris and Herring, 1987.

  92. 92.

    Michael Panagi, 2003.

  93. 93.

    Varnava, 2006, 2009; Skarparis, 2008; Panagi, 2010.

  94. 94.

    Syntaxiouhos, 2003.

  95. 95.

    Syntaxiouhos, 2004a, b.

  96. 96.

    Varnava, 2006.

  97. 97.

    Panagi, 2003.

  98. 98.

    Syntaxiouhos, 2003: 36; Varnava, 2006.

  99. 99.

    Pantelis Varnava, 2006.

  100. 100.

    According to the London-Zurich treaty of 1959, Greece, Turkey and Great Britain constitute the three guarantee forces in the island. Based on that treaty, Turkey claimed that its military invasion in Cyprus was aiming to protect the Turkish-Cypriot population of the island and restore Constitutional order after the military coup in 1974.

  101. 101.

    Press and Information Office, 2010.

  102. 102.

    Besides Turkey no other country or international organization recognizes the north part of Cyprus as an independent state.

  103. 103.

    So named because of the green colour pencil which was used on a map of Cyprus to draw a line between the south and north parts of the island.

  104. 104.

    Yiallouros, 2007: 26.

  105. 105.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1974.

  106. 106.

    Lasettas, 1980.

  107. 107.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1974, 1975.

  108. 108.

    The Social Insurance [Amendment] Law, 11 of 1975.

  109. 109.

    The Social Insurance [Amendment] Law, 1975.

  110. 110.

    Pelekanos in National Committee for Ageing in Cyprus, 1983.

  111. 111.

    Theodorou, 1987.

  112. 112.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1975.

  113. 113.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1977.

  114. 114.

    Chrysostomou, 2009.

  115. 115.

    Protopapas, 2010.

  116. 116.

    Papassava, 1993.

  117. 117.

    Chrysostomou, 2009.

  118. 118.

    Protopapas, 2010.

  119. 119.

    Takis Chrysostomou, 2009.

  120. 120.

    Papassava, 1993: 1.

  121. 121.

    Michael, 1979.

  122. 122.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1973, 1974.

  123. 123.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1977.

  124. 124.

    see Wright, Marston, McDonald, 2011.

  125. 125.

    Neocleous, 2011.

  126. 126.

    see Gough, 1979.

  127. 127.

    Theodorou, 1987; Papassava, (n.d.).

  128. 128.

    Mchomvu, Tungaraza and Maghimbi, 2002.

  129. 129.

    Pierson, 2006.

  130. 130.

    Papadopoulos and Roumpakis, 2013.

  131. 131.

    Sarris et al. 2008.

  132. 132.

    Papassava, 1993, (n.p.).

  133. 133.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1977.

  134. 134.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1973, 1975.

  135. 135.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1980.

  136. 136.

    Papassava, 1993, (n.p.).

  137. 137.

    Gough, 1979; Papadopoulos and Roumpakis, 2013.

  138. 138.

    Syntaxiouhos, 2003.

  139. 139.

    Beiser, Turner and Ganesan, 1989; Weine et al., 1998; Mollica et al., 2001.

  140. 140.

    Michael, 1979; National Committee for Ageing in Cyprus, 1983.

  141. 141.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1978; Michael, 1979.

  142. 142.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1979.

  143. 143.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1976.

  144. 144.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1977: 3.

  145. 145.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1979.

  146. 146.

    1979 Annual Report of the Department of Social Welfare Services: 15.

  147. 147.

    Archives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance, 1980: 62.

  148. 148.

    Panagi, 2003.

  149. 149.

    Archives of the Social Welfare Services, 1979.

  150. 150.

    National Committee for Ageing in Cyprus, 1983.

  151. 151.

    Rousos in National Committee for Ageing in Cyprus, 1983.

  152. 152.

    The Social Insurance (Amendment) Law of 1975.

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  1. Department of Social Sciences/Social Work, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus

    Gregory Neocleous

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Neocleous, G. (2019). The Republic of Cyprus, 1960–1974. In: Social Insurance and Older People in Cyprus. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02946-3_5

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