Skip to main content

Theoretical Background

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 488 Accesses

Part of the book series: Springer Mineralogy ((MINERAL))

Abstract

This chapter gives a general introduction into the different types of spectroscopic methods used to study the kaolin minerals and their modifications. The first group of techniques involve vibrational spectroscopic methods such as Mid- and Near-infrared spectroscopy (MIR and NIR) and Raman spectroscopy . A special technique is Infrared emission spectroscopy that allows the observation of phase changes with increasing temperature in situ using the emission of the sample itself as the IR source. This is followed by solid-state Magic-Angle-Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MAS-NMR), Mössbauer spectroscopy and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy (EPR, also known as Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy ESR). These three methods use magnetic properties to obtain detailed information regarding the local environment of specific atoms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Coblenz WW (1908) Part VII emission spectra. In: Investigations of Infrared Spectra, vol Publication No 97. The Carnegie Institute of Washington, Washington, DC, p 183

    Google Scholar 

  • Coblenz WW (1912) Selective radiation from various substances, IV. Bull Bur Stand 9:81–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frost RL (1996) The application of Raman microscopy to the study of minerals. Chem Aust 63:446–448

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon R (1956) The emissivity of transparent materials. J Am Ceram Soc 39:278–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann S (2013) Auger- and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in materials science, Springer Series in Surface Sciences, vol 49. Springer, Heidelberg

    Google Scholar 

  • Hvistendahl J, Rytter E, Øye HA (1983) IR emission spectroscopy of molten salts and other liquids using thick samples as reference. Appl Spectrosc 37:182–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapff SF (1946) Infrared emission spectra of liquids. Science 105:274–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapff SF (1948) Infrared emission spectra of hot liquids. J Chem Phys 16:446–453

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kloprogge JT, Frost RL (1998) De toepassing van Raman spectroscopie in de bestudering van kleimineralen. Klei, Glas en Keramiek 19:22–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Low MJD (1965) Infra-red emission spectra of minerals. Nature 206:1089–1090

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMahon HO (1950) Thermal radiation from partially transparent reflecting bodies. J Opt Soc Am 410:376–380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Planck M (1901) Ueber das gesetz der Energieverteilung im Normalspektrum. Annales Physik, 4th series (vierte folge):553–563

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossman GD (1988) Vibrational spectroscopy of hydrous components. In: Hawthorne FC (ed) Spectroscopic methods in mineralogy and geology, Reviews in Mineralogy, vol 18. Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, DC, pp 193–206

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Heide P (2011) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: an introduction to principles and practices. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Vassallo AM, Cole-Clarke PA, Pang LSK, Palmisano AJ (1992) Infrared emission spectroscopy of coal minerals and their thermal transformations. Appl Spectrosc 46(1):73–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kloprogge, J.(. (2019). Theoretical Background. In: Spectroscopic Methods in the Study of Kaolin Minerals and Their Modifications. Springer Mineralogy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02373-7_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics