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Activity and Damage

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Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) Associated Vasculitis

Part of the book series: Rare Diseases of the Immune System ((RDIS))

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Abstract

ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAVs) are a group of heterogeneous conditions with some overlapping patterns of clinical and laboratory manifestations. A major factor in defining optimal therapy and in measuring the success or failure of therapy is careful evaluation of each case. There are no simple measurements to define disease activity or response to treatment. A combination of a structured clinical assessment together with key laboratory measurements should guide the clinician in deciding on the most effective therapy with the minimal toxicity. Although ANCA measurement is potentially of value in predicting poor prognosis and could help to dictate therapy in high-risk groups (e.g., PR3-positive patients with nephritis), in general, its use as a biomarker has been disappointing. By contrast, structured clinical assessment of disease activity is an effective tool which with training can be used to define and document activity, response to therapy, and relapse in all cases of AAV. The Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score is the most widely used instrument providing a record of disease manifestations as well as a weighted score which has been used to define change in clinical status in clinical trials of vasculitis. Although most patients survive with modern therapy, the long-term consequences of AAV include a high rate of relapse and accumulating comorbidity associated with scarring from the disease, drug toxicity, and worsening of existing comorbid conditions. Measurement of these outcomes, for example, by using the Vasculitis Damage Index provides a description of the outcomes for patients surviving their first presentation of vasculitis. There is a strong association between these outcomes and future mortality risk. The quality of survival can be measured by patients directly using self-assessment of their functional state with generic measures, such as SF 36, or more targeted instruments, such as the AAV-PRO, providing a further aspect to defining the outcome for patients with AAV.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Raashid A. Luqmani

  2. Rheumatology Department, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK

    Raashid A. Luqmani

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  1. Raashid A. Luqmani
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Correspondence to Raashid A. Luqmani .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Monza e Brianza, Italy

    Renato Alberto Sinico

  2. Department of Medicine, Paris Descartes University Hospital Cochin, Paris, France

    Loïc Guillevin

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Luqmani, R.A. (2020). Activity and Damage. In: Sinico, R., Guillevin, L. (eds) Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) Associated Vasculitis. Rare Diseases of the Immune System. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02239-6_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02239-6_5

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-02238-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-02239-6

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