Abstract
The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone in the wrist and a potentially devastating injury to an athlete if not promptly diagnosed and treated. The most common mechanism of injury is a fall onto an outstretched hand, usually with the wrist in extension and radial deviation. High index of suspicion followed by appropriate investigations can facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment of this challenging injury.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adamany DC, Mikola EA, Fraser BJ. Percutaneous fixation of the scaphoid through a dorsal approach: an anatomic study. J Hand Surg Am. 2008;33(3):327–31.
Bedi A, Jebson PJ, Hayden RJ, Jacobson JA, Martus JE. Internal fixation of acute, nondisplaced scaphoid waist fractures via a limited dorsal approach: an assessment of radiographic and functional outcomes. J Hand Surg Am. 2007;32(3):326–33.
Belsky MR, Leibman MI, Ruchelsman DE. Scaphoid fracture in the elite athlete. Hand Clin. 2012;28(3):269–78.
Bond CD, Shin AY, McBride MT, Dao KD. Percutaneous screw fixation or cast immobilization for non-displaced scaphoid fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83-A(4):483–8.
Buijze GA, Lozano-Calderon SA, Strackee SD, Blankevoort L, Jupiter JB. Osseous and ligamentous scaphoid anatomy: part I. A systematic literature review highlighting controversies. J Hand Surg Am. 2011;36(12):1926–35.
Bushnell BD, McWilliams AD, Messer TM. Complications in dorsal percutaneous cannulated screw fixation of nondisplaced scaphoid waist fractures. J Hand Surg Am. 2007;32(6):827–33.
Clay NR, Dias JJ, Costigan PS, Gregg PJ, Barton NJ. Need the thumb be immobilised in scaphoid fractures? A randomized prospective trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991;73(5):828–32.
Cooney WP, Dobyns JH, Linscheid RL. Fractures of the scaphoid: a rational approach to management. Clin Orthop. 1980;149:90–7.
Dias JJ, Dhukaram V, Abhinav A, Bhowal B, Wildin CJ. Clinical and radiological outcome of cast immobilization versus surgical treatment of acute scaphoid fractures at a mean follow-up of 93 months. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008;90(7):899–905.
Dodds SD, Panjabi MM, Slade JF 3rd. Screw fixation of scaphoid fractures: a biomechanical assessment of screw length and screw augmentation. J Hand Surg Am. 2006;31(3):405–13.
dos Reis FB, Koeberle G, Leite NM, et al. Internal fixation of scaphoid injuries using the Herbert screw through a dorsal approach. J Hand Surg Am. 1993;18:792–7.
Duckworth AD, Jenkins PJ, Aitken SA, Clement ND, Court-Brown CM, McQueen MM. Scaphoid fracture epidemiology. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;72:E41–5.
Eastley N, Singh H, Dias JJ, Taub N. Union rates after proximal scaphoid fractures; a meta-analyses and review of available evidence. J Hand Surg Eur. 2013;38(8):888–97.
Geissler WB. Carpal fractures in athletes. Clin Sports Med. 2001 Jan;20(1):167–88.
Geissler WB. Arthroscopic management of scaphoid fractures in athletes. Hand Clin. 2009 Aug;25(3):359–69.
Gelberman RH, Menon J. The vascularity of the scaphoid bone. J Hand Surg Am. 1980;5:508–13.
Gellman H, Caputo RJ, Carter V, Aboulafia A, McKay M. Comparison of short and long thumb-spica casts for non-displaced fractures of the carpal scaphoid. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1989;71-A:354–7.
Geurts G, van Riet R, Meermans G, Verstreken F. Incidence of scaphotrapezial arthritis following volar percutaneous fixation of nondisplaced scaphoid waist fractures using a transtrapezial approach. J Hand Surg Am. 2011;36(11):1753–8.
Grewal R, Suh N, Macdermid JC. Use of computed tomography to predict union and time to union in acute scaphoid fractures treated nonoperatively. J Hand Surg Am. 2013;38(5):872–7.
Hambidge JE, Desai VV, Schranz PJ, Compson JP, Davis TR, Barton NJ. Acute fractures of the scaphoid. Treatment by cast immobilization with the wrist in flexion or extension. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999;81(1):91–2.
Herbert TJ, Fisher WE. Management of the fractured scaphoid using a new bone screw. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1984;66-B:114–23.
Jonsson BY, Siggeirsdottir K, Mogensen B, Sigvaldason H, Sigursson G. Fracture rate in a population-based sample of men in Reykjavik. Acta Orthop Scand. 2004;75:195–200.
Kovacic J, Bergfeld J. Return to play issues in upper extremity injuries. Clin J Sport Med. 2005;15(6):448–52.
Levitz S, Ring D. Retrograde (volar) scaphoid screw insertion-a quantitative computed tomographic analysis. J Hand Surg Am. 2005;30(3):543–8.
Majima M, Horii E, Matsuki H, Hirata H, Genda E. Load transmission through the wrist in the extended position. J Hand Surg Am. 2008;33:182–8.
McCallister WV, Knight J, Kaliappan R, Trumble TE. Central placement of the screw in simulated fractures of the scaphoid waist: a biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85-A(1):72–7.
Parvizi J, Wayman J, Kelly P, Moran CG. Combining the clinical signs improves diagnosis of scaphoid fractures: a prospective study with follow-up. J Hand Surg Br. 1998;23:324–7.
Rettig ME, Raskin KB. Retrograde compression screw fixation of acute proximal pole scaphoid fractures. J Hand Surg Am. 1999;24:1206–10.
Riester JN, Baker BE, Mosher JF, Lowe D. A review of scaphoid fracture healing in competitive athletes. Am J Sports Med. 1985;13(3):159–62.
Ring D, Jupiter JB, Herndon JH. Acute fractures of the scaphoid. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2000;8:225–31.
Ring D, Lozano-Calderón S. Imaging for suspected scaphoid fracture. J Hand Surg Am. 2008;33:954–7.
Rizzo M, Shin AY. Treatment of acute scaphoid fractures in the athlete. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2006;5(5):242–8.
Russe O. Fracture of the carpal navicular: diagnosis, non-operative treatment, and operative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1960;42:759–68.
Saeden B, Tornkvist H, Ponzer S, Hoglund M. Fracture of the carpal scaphoid: a prospective, randomized 12-year follow-up comparing operative and conservative treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001;83(2):230–4.
Skirven T, Trope J. Complications of immobilization. Hand Clin. 1994;10(1):53–61.
Slade JF 3rd, Gutow AP, Geissler WB. Percutaneous internal fixation of scaphoid fractures via an arthroscopically assisted dorsal approach. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84-A(Suppl 2):21–36.
Soubeyrand M, Biau D, Mansour C, Mahjoub S, Molina V, Gagey O. Comparison of percutaneous dorsal versus volar fixation of scaphoid waist fractures using a computer model in cadavers. J Hand Surg Am. 2009;34(10):1838–44.
Tumilty JA, Squire DS. Unrecognized chondral penetration by a Herbert screw in the scaphoid. J Hand Surg Am. 1996;21(1):66–8.
Unay K, Gokcen B, Ozkan K, Poyanli O, Eceviz E. Examination tests predictive of bone injury in patients with clinically suspected occult scaphoid fracture. Injury. 2009;40:1265–8.
Van Tassel DC, Owens BD, Wolf JM. Incidence estimates and demographics of scaphoid fracture in the US population. J Hand Surg Am. 2010;35A:1242–5.
Wolf JM, Dawson L, Mountcastle SB, Owens BD. The incidence of scaphoid fracture in a military population. Injury. 2009;40:1316–9.
Yin ZG, Zhang JB, Kan SL, Wang P. Treatment of acute scaphoid fractures: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007 Jul;460:142–51.
Yin ZG, Zhang JB, Kan SL, Wang XG. Diagnosing suspected scaphoid fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468:723–34.
Yin ZG, Zhang JB, Kan SL, Wang XG. Diagnostic accuracy of imaging modalities for suspected scaphoid fractures: meta-analysis combined with latent class analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94-B(8):1077–85.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ferreira, J.V., Giugale, J.M., Baratz, M. (2019). Scaphoid Fractures. In: Hayton, M., Ng, C., Funk, L., Watts, A., Walton, M. (eds) Sports Injuries of the Hand and Wrist. In Clinical Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02134-4_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02134-4_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-02133-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-02134-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)