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Advances in Heart Valve Biomechanics pp 207–239Cite as

Molecular and Cellular Developments in Heart Valve Development and Disease

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Abstract

The prevalence of heart valve disease is estimated at 2.5% and this number is likely to increase with the steady rise in life expectancy and associated degenerative pathology. Affected individuals suffer significant morbidity and mortality, and surgical intervention remains the only effective treatment. Disease of the valves can be congenital associated with structural malformations present at birth as a result of disturbances during embryonic valve development. Alternatively, phenotypes can be acquired later in life following sustained exposure to environmental risk factors including high cholesterol, tobacco-use, hypertension and aging, although there is increasing evidence to suggest that embryonic origins may also play a role. The mechanisms underlying heart valve disease in the human population are largely unknown and this has hindered the development of alternative, more cost-effective therapies. Formation of the valve in the developing embryo is complex and requires the temporal convergence of many signaling pathways in specific cell types. Once the valve structure is established after birth, it must be maintained by additional regulatory networks, many of which are also involved in valvulogenesis. Here, we will highlight the hierarchical pathways known to be essential for establishing and maintaining valve structure–function relationships and discuss how aberrations in their regulation can promote the onset and progression of valve disease. Furthermore, we will focus on how basic science discoveries and tools can provide critical insights into the development of mechanistic-based therapies beyond surgical repair and replacement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center at Nationwide Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA

    Lindsey J. Anstine & Joy Lincoln

  2. Health Sciences Library Medical Visuals, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Anthony S. Baker

  3. Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Joy Lincoln

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  1. Lindsey J. Anstine
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  2. Anthony S. Baker
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  3. Joy Lincoln
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Correspondence to Joy Lincoln .

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  1. The Oden Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Michael S. Sacks

  2. The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA

    Jun Liao

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Anstine, L.J., Baker, A.S., Lincoln, J. (2018). Molecular and Cellular Developments in Heart Valve Development and Disease. In: Sacks, M., Liao, J. (eds) Advances in Heart Valve Biomechanics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01993-8_9

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