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Advances in Heart Valve Biomechanics pp 289–317Cite as

Decellularization in Heart Valve Tissue Engineering

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Abstract

Annually, over 50,000 deaths are attributed to heart valve disease (HVD) in the United States. The most common treatment for HVD, such as stenosis and regurgitation, is total valve replacement using mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valves, which often results in subsequent surgery to replace failed implants. For the pediatric population especially, a viable valve implant with the potential to repair, remodel, and grow within the patient is a great clinical need. Recent research has demonstrated that tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHV) have the potential to deliver a viable valve replacement, which is constructed with scaffolds and functional cells. Acellular heart valve (HV) scaffolds obtained by decellularization, biological polymer scaffolds, and synthetic polymer scaffolds have been widely used for TEHV fabrication, each having advantages and disadvantages. In this chapter, we focus on TEHV via a decellularization approach and provide a systematic review covering (1) the concepts of decellularization and current decellularization methods, (2) a comparative study showing how the ultrastructure and biomechanics of acellular HV scaffolds were affected by different decellularization methods, (3) the cell sources and bioreactor systems for TEHV reseeding, conditioning, and integrity testing, and (4) the current accomplishments of HV decellularization in animal studies and clinical trials and the challenges in moving this approach toward clinical applications.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported in part by AHA BGIA-0565346U, GRNT17150041, NIH 1R01EB022018-01, 1R56HL130950-01, 1R15HL140503, T32HL134613, and NSF CAREER #1554835. The authors also thank the support from the Competitiveness Operational Programme 2014–2020, ID P_37_673, MySMIS code: 103431, contract 50/05.09.2016 and the Harriet and Jerry Dempsey Bioengineering Professorship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA

    Katherine M. Copeland, Xiaodan Shi & Yi Hong

  2. College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA

    Bo Wang

  3. Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA

    Dan T. Simionescu

  4. Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Pietro Bajona

  5. The Oden Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Michael S. Sacks

  6. Tissue Biomechanics and Bioengineering Laboratory, The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA

    Jun Liao

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Correspondence to Jun Liao .

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  1. The Oden Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

    Michael S. Sacks

  2. The Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA

    Jun Liao

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Copeland, K.M. et al. (2018). Decellularization in Heart Valve Tissue Engineering. In: Sacks, M., Liao, J. (eds) Advances in Heart Valve Biomechanics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01993-8_12

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