Abstract
China has serious problems in urban water resource management, which have profound social, economic, and political implications in China. It is necessary to analyze political and governmental policies, legal rules, technical standards, authorities and responsibilities of governmental agencies, and other issues related to the urban water resource management. The constitutional basis for urban water management mainly lies in the ownership and the division of governmental powers. The CPC and the legislative bodies, executive bodies, and judicial bodies of the government all have authorities and make rules for urban water management. Rules may take the form of national or local legislation, administrative regulations or rules, or technical standards. Relevant regulatory agencies mainly include the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the Ministry of Water Resources, and similar local agencies. Planning and functional zoning, administrative permits, and technical standards are key regulatory tools for urban water management. The CPC and the government have adopted some important measures to improve urban water management.
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References
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Appendix: List of National Environmental Standards (As of 31 March 2018)
Appendix: List of National Environmental Standards (As of 31 March 2018)
Quality standard for water environment | |||
Code | Name | Release date | Effective date |
GB 3838-2002 | Environmental quality standards for surface water | 2002-04-28 | 2002-06-01 |
GB 3097-1997 | Seawater quality standard | 1997-12-03 | 1998-07-01 |
GB/T 14848-93 | Quality standard for ground water | 1993-12-30 | 1994-10-01 |
GB 5084-92 | Standards for irrigation water quality | 1992-01-04 | 1992-10-01 |
GB 11607-89 | Water quality standard for fisheries | 1989-08-12 | 1990-03-01 |
Water pollutant discharge standards | |||
Code | Name | Release Date | Effective Date |
GB 3552-2018 | Discharge standard for water pollutants from ships | 2018-01-16 | 2018-07-01 |
GB 31572-2015 | Emission standard of pollutants for synthetic resin industry | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-01 |
GB 31570-2015 | Emission standard of pollutants for petroleum refining industry | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-01 |
GB 31574-2015 | Emission standards of pollutants for secondary copper, aluminum, lead, and zinc industry | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-01 |
GB 31573-2015 | Emission standards of pollutants for inorganic chemical industry | 2015-04-16 | 2015-07-01 |
GB 30484-2013 | Emission standard of pollutants for battery industry | 2013-12-27 | 2014-03-01 |
GB 30486-2013 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for leather and fur making industry | 2013-12-27 | 2014-03-01 |
GB 13458-2013 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for ammonia industry | 2013-03-14 | 2013-07-01 |
GB 19430-2013 | Effluent standards of water pollutants for citric acid industry | 2013-03-14 | 2013-07-01 |
GB 28938-2012 | Discharge standards of water pollutants for bast and leaf fibers textile industry | 2012-10-19 | 2013-01-01 |
GB 28937-2012 | Discharge standards of water pollutants for woolen textile industry | 2012-10-19 | 2013-01-01 |
GB 28936-2012 | Discharge standards of water pollutants for reeling industry | 2012-10-19 | 2013-01-01 |
GB 4287-2012 | Discharge standards of water pollutants for dyeing and finishing of textile industry | 2012-10-19 | 2013-01-01 |
GB 16171-2012 | Emission standard of pollutants for coking chemical industry | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-01 |
GB 28666-2012 | Emission standard of pollutants for ferroalloy smelt industry | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-01 |
GB 13456-2012 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for iron and steel industry | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-01 |
GB 28661-2012 | Emission standard of pollutants for mining and mineral processing industry | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-01 |
GB 14470.3-2011 | Effluent standards of water pollutants for ammunition loading industry | 2011-04-29 | 2012-01-01 |
GB 27632-2011 | Emission standard of pollutants for rubber products industry | 2011-10-27 | 2012-01-01 |
GB 27631-2011 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for fermentation alcohol and distilled spirits industry | 2011-10-27 | 2012-01-01 |
GB 26877-2011 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for motor vehicle maintenance and repair | 2011-07-29 | 2012-01-01 |
GB 26452-2011 | Discharge standard of pollutants for vanadium industry | 2011-04-02 | 2011-10-01 |
GB 15580-2011 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for phosphate fertilizer industry | 2011-04-02 | 2011-10-01 |
GB 26451-2011 | Emission standards of pollutants from rare earth industry | 2011-01-24 | 2011-10-01 |
GB 26132-2010 | Emission standard of pollutants for sulfuric acid industry | 2010-12-30 | 2011-03-01 |
GB 26131-2010 | Emission standard of pollutants for nitric acid industry | 2010-12-30 | 2011-03-01 |
HJ 594-2010 | Water quality: determination of the total amount of the developing agent and their oxides (iodine-starch method) | 2010-10-21 | 2011-01-01 |
GB 25468-2010 | Emission standard of pollutants for magnesium and titanium industry | 2010-09-27 | 2010-10-01 |
GB 25467-2010 | Emission standard of pollutants for copper, nickel, and cobalt industry | 2010-09-27 | 2010-10-01 |
GB 25466-2010 | Emission standard of pollutants for lead and zinc industry | 2010-09-27 | 2010-10-01 |
GB 25465-2010 | Emission standard of pollutants for aluminum industry | 2010-09-27 | 2010-10-01 |
GB 25464-2010 | Emission standard of pollutants for ceramics industry | 2010-09-27 | 2010-10-01 |
GB 25463-2010 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for printing ink industry | 2010-09-27 | 2010-10-01 |
GB 25462-2010 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for yeast industry | 2010-09-27 | 2010-10-01 |
GB 25461-2010 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for starch industry | 2010-09-27 | 2010-10-01 |
GB 21909-2008 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for sugar industry | 2008-06-25 | 2008-08-01 |
GB 21908-2008 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for pharmaceutical industry Mixing/compounding and formulation category | 2008-06-25 | 2008-08-01 |
GB 21907-2008 | Discharge standards of water pollutants for pharmaceutical industry Biopharmaceutical category | 2008-06-25 | 2008-08-01 |
GB 21906-2008 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for pharmaceutical industry Chinese traditional medicine category | 2008-06-25 | 2008-08-01 |
GB 21905-2008 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for pharmaceutical industry Extraction products category | 2008-06-25 | 2008-08-01 |
GB 21904-2008 | Discharge standards of water pollutants for pharmaceutical industry Chemical synthesis products category | 2008-06-25 | 2008-08-01 |
GB 21903-2008 | Discharge standards of water pollutants for pharmaceutical industry Fermentation products category | 2008-06-25 | 2008-08-01 |
GB 21902-2008 | Emission standard of pollutants for synthetic leather and artificial leather industry | 2008-06-25 | 2008-08-01 |
GB 21900-2008 | Emission standard of pollutants for electroplating | 2008-06-25 | 2008-08-01 |
GB 21901-2008 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for down industry | 2008-06-25 | 2008-08-01 |
GB 3544-2008 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for pulp and paper industry | 2008-06-25 | 2008-08-01 |
GB 21523-2008 | Effluent standards of pollutants for heterocyclic pesticide industry | 2008-04-02 | 2008-07-01 |
GB 20425-2006 | The discharge standard of water pollutants for sapogenin industry | 2006-09-01 | 2007-01-01 |
GB 20426-2006 | Emission standard for pollutants from coal industry | 2006-09-01 | 2006-10-01 |
GB 18466-2005 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for medical organization | 2005-07-27 | 2006-01-01 |
GB 19821-2005 | Discharge standard of pollutants for beer industry | 2005-07-18 | 2006-01-01 |
GB 19431-2004 | The discharge standard of pollutants for monosodium glutamate industry | 2004-01-18 | 2004-04-01 |
GB 14470.1-2002 | Discharge standard for water pollutants from ordnance industry | 2002-11-18 | 2003-07-01 |
Powder and explosive | |||
GB 14470.2-2002 | Discharge standard for water pollutants from ordnance industry | 2002-11-18 | 2003-07-01 |
Initiating explosive material and relative composition | |||
GB 18918-2002 | Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal wastewater treatment plant | 2002-12-24 | 2003-07-01 |
GB 18596-2001 | Discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding | 2001-12-28 | 2003-01-01 |
GB 18486-2001 | Standard for pollution control of sewage marine disposal engineering | 2001-11-12 | 2002-01-01 |
GB 8978-1996 | Integrated wastewater discharge standard | 1996-10-04 | 1998-01-01 |
GB 15581-95 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for caustic alkali and polyvinyl chloride industry | 1995-06-12 | 1996-07-01 |
GB 14374-93 | Discharge standard of water pollutant and standard of analytical method for space propellant | 1993-05-22 | 1993-12-01 |
GB 13457-92 | Discharge standard of water pollutants for meat packing industry | 1992-05-18 | 1992-07-01 |
GB 4914-85 | Effluent standards for oil-bearing wastewater from offshore petroleum development industry | 1985-01-18 | 1985-08-01 |
GB 4286-84 | Emission standards for pollutants from shipbuilding industry | 1984-05-18 | 1985-03-01 |
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Lv, Z., You, M. (2019). China’s National Governance Framework for Urban Water Resource Management. In: Köster, S., Reese, M., Zuo, J. (eds) Urban Water Management for Future Cities. Future City, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01488-9_15
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