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Money and Autonomy

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Money, Autonomy and Citizenship

Abstract

After 5 years of interviews and traveling through the poorest regions of Brazil, which lack mostly in state services, we can attest to the fact that the BF program produced significant change in the lives of its grantees. One such change constitutes the first steps towards overcoming the culture of resignation, in other words, the resigned wait to starve to death or to die from diseases of poverty. This was a drama that was commonplace in this world: its lament was the subject of most of the songs and popular poetry of the region. The greatest Brazilian writers have written their masterpieces against the backdrop of the hunger and misery of our fellow citizens.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Simmel 2011, 324.

  2. 2.

    “The human faculties of perception, judgment, discriminative feeling, mental activity, and even moral preference, are exercised only in making choices. He who does anything because it is the custom, makes no choice. He gains no practice either in discerning or in desiring what is best. The mental and moral, like the muscular powers, are improved only by being used” (Mill 1991, 65). There is an artistic memory that relates here as well. Just think about the lines of Cesare Sterbini in Barber of Seville, the famous opera by Gioachino Rossini, when Fígaro says: “at the idea of this metal [money]…a volcano within me commences to erupt.” The Italian philosopher Vittorio Mathieu says, “pay attention to the concept: that metal acts on his mind like an idea that gives him other ideas” (Mathieu 1991).

  3. 3.

    Hannah Arendt discusses this issue in several works.

  4. 4.

    This idea is central to the thinking of Amartya Sen, as was discussed in Chap. 2.

  5. 5.

    This refers to a 2009 Ford Foundation research project comparing Indian microcredit with the Brazilian BF.

  6. 6.

    Data available at: http://www.ujjivan.com/monthly_newsletter_july_2009.htm.

  7. 7.

    Data available at: http://www.gdrc.org/icm/icm-peoplebanks.html.

  8. 8.

    It must be understood that suicide by Indian farmers is a problem. It is estimated that 87,000 farmers committed suicide in 2006. Default on debt is one of the reasons listed for such a desperate act. Information available at: http://knowledge.allianz.com/en/globalissues/microfinance/microcredit/microfinance_debt_trap.html. Accessed on 12/03/2008.

  9. 9.

    We owe a debt to Márcia Baratto, a doctoral candidate from Unicamp, Brazil for the collection and organization of this data about the moral and political effects of microcredit among poor Indian women. She joined us during our research in that country.

  10. 10.

    For more on this long story, see, among others, Zincone 1992, Bendix 1964, Tilly 1990 and Costa 1999–2001.

  11. 11.

    The debate regarding the theoretical legal merit of the contemporary constitutional debate is beyond the scope of this work. As is well known, there is great controversy in this respect among the various schools of constitutionalists, especially regarding the type of basic and secondary rights that require basic and secondary guarantees by the state.

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Pinzani, A., Rego, W.L. (2019). Money and Autonomy. In: Money, Autonomy and Citizenship. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01361-5_5

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