Influence of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Ecosystems in the Bangladesh Sundarbans

Abstract

Sundarbans, an unique mangrove forest, located in the Ganges delta, with its rich floral and faunal composition has already been badly impacted by adverse impacts of climate change. The average temperature has already climbed by more than 1.0 °C since 1880 and warming rate is on increase. The conservative prediction of IPCC has clearly stated that the sea level may rise by 23 inches by the end of the century, increasing salinity level in the Sundarbans. Up to 30% of animal and plant species could be wiped out by a global temperature rise of 2.7–4.5 °C. Under such change the nature might adjust (i.e. adapt). It is already visible that some species that prefer low saline condition, such as Sundri (Heritierra fomes), Shingra (Cynometra ramiflora), etc. have started to die in Sundarbans, while Passur (Xylocarpus granatum) has become almost rare now. More salt tolerant species, such as Goran (Ceriops roxburgii), Jhana (Rhizophora mucronata), etc. will come to occupy these sites. Similar impact is seen on aquatic fauna as well. With the climate change impact, availability of both surface water and ground water  in the Sundarbans Impact Zone (SIZ) will decline. The intensity and frequency of cyclonic storms and tidal surges will gradually increase. Adverse impacts of climate change on flora and fauna of the forest need to be monitored closely to work out appropriate plans for adaptive steps.