Abstract
Superconductivity offers an unique example in condensed matter physics where the electrons occupy a single coherent quantum state over macroscopic distances. In homogeneous superconductors energy considerations usually ensure that, in most physical situations, the superconducting pair wavefunction is nearly constant in both phase and amplitude. The development of modern microfabrication techniques has made possible recently to produce a wide variety of complex artificial structures where, to a certain extent, the physicist is able to constrain, at will, the wavefunction, for example by enforcing the boundary conditions (BC) or by applying an external magnetic field [1,2].
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Pannetier, B. (1991). Superconducting Wire Networks. In: Kramer, B. (eds) Quantum Coherence in Mesoscopic Systems. NATO ASI Series, vol 254. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3698-1_32
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