Skip to main content

Aging

Issues in Health and Neuropsychological Functioning

  • Chapter
Book cover Handbook of Health and Rehabilitation Psychology

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Rehabilitation and Health ((SSRH))

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to review some of the relevant issues of aging for health psychology. The initial section is a review of the demographics of the elderly (defined as age 65 and older) in the United States. The next section consists of a brief overview of some of the theories of aging from gerontological, psychological, and biological sciences. The third section comprises a review of some common psychiatric and other medical disorders from which older adults suffer. A focus of the present chapter involves the impact of illness upon the elderly individual’s neuropsychological functioning. The final section includes suggestions for future research and a recommendation for interdisciplinary collaboration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 349.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 449.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 449.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abrahamson, C. F. (1987). Response to the challenge: Effective treatment of the elderly through thermal biofeedback combined with progressive relaxation. Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 12, 121–125.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aiken, L R. (1982). Later life (2nd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert, M. S. (1988). General issues in geriatric neuropsychology. In M. S. Albert & M. B. Moss (Eds.), Geriatric neuropsychology (pp. 3–12). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert, M. S., & Moss, M. B. (1988). Geriatric neuropsychology. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert, M. S., & Stafford, J. L (1988). Computed tomographic studies. In M. S. Albert & M. B. Moss (Eds.), Geriatric neuropsychology (pp. 211–227). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed. rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arie, T. (1983). Pseudodementia. British Medical Journal, 286, 1301–1302.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Atchley, R. C. (1989). A continuity theory of normal aging. Geronto logical Society of America, 29, 183–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, R. M., Toison, R. L., & Turner, J. A. (1990). Late versus early onset problem drinking in older men. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 14, 574–579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Awad, I. A., Spetzler, R. F., Hodak, J. A., Awad, C. A., & Carey, R. (1986). Incidental subcortical lesions identified on magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly: I. Correlation with age and cerebrovascular risk factors. Stroke, 17, 1084–1089.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, L R., Schwartz, J., Phelps, M. E., Mazziota, J. C., Guze, B. H., Selin, C. E., Gerner, R. H., & Sumida, R. M. (1989). Reduction of prefrontal cortex glucose metabolism common to three types of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 243–249.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bayles, K. A., & Kaszniak, A. W. (1987). Communication and cognition in normal aging and dementia. Boston: College-Hill Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berg, L., Buckwalter, K. C., Chafetz, P. K., Gwyther, L. P., Holmes, D., Koepke, K. M., Lawton, M. P., Lindeman, D. A., Magasiner, J., Maslow, K., Sloane, P. D., & Teresi, J. (1991). Special care units for persons with dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 39, 1229–1236.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Birren, J. E. (1988). A contribution to the theory of aging: As a counterpart of development. In J. E. Birren & V. L. Bengtson, (Eds.), Emergent theories of aging (pp. 153–176). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birren, J. E., & Birren, B. A. (1990). The concepts, models, and history of the psychology of aging. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 3–20). San Diego: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birren, J. E., & Renner, J. (1980). Concepts and issues of mental health and aging. In J. E. Birren & R. B. Sloane (Eds.), Handbook of mental health and aging (pp. 3–33). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, H. R. (1989). Nonpharmacologic therapy for hypertension in the elderly. Geriatrics, 44, 20–29.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blazer, D., Hughes, D. C., & George, L K. (1987). The epidemiology of depression in an elderly community population. Gerontologist, 27, 281–287.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boone, K. B., Miller, B. L., Lesser, I. M., Hill, E., & D’Elia, L D. (1990). Performance on frontal lobe tests in healthy, older individuals. Developmental Neuropsychology, 6, 216–223.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brandt, J., & Butters, N. (1986). The alcoholic Wemicke-Korsakoff syndrome and its relationship to long-term alcohol abuse. In I. Grant & K. M. Adams (Eds.), Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatrie disorders (pp. 441–477). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breslau, L., & Haug, M. R. (1983). Depression and aging. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buby, C., Elmer, L. F., & May, J. G. (1990). Relaxation pretraining, pulse wave velocity, and thermal biofeedback in the treatment of essential hypertension. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 9, 225–230.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bulbena, A., & Berrios, G. E. (1986). Pseudodementia: Facts and figures. British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 87–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, R. N. (1975). Why survive? Being old in America. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caine, E. D. (1981). Pseudodementia: Current concepts and future directions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 1359–1364.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cassens, G., Wolfe, L., & Zola, M. (1990). The neuropsychology of depressions. Journal of Neuropsychia-try and Clinical Neurosciences, 2, 202–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerella, J. (1990). Aging and the information processing rate. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), The psychology of adult development and aging (pp. 201–219). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christenson, R., & Blazer, D. (1984). Epidemiology of persecutory ideation in an elderly population in the community. A merican Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 1088–1091.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christison, C., & Blazer, D. (1988). Clinical assessment of psychiatric symptoms. In M. S. Albert & M. B. Moss (Eds.), Geriatric neuropsychology (pp. 82–99). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coffey, E. C., Figiel, G. S., Djang, W. T., Saunders, W B., & Weiner, R. D. (1989). White matter hyperinten-sity on magnetic resonance imaging: Clinical and neuroanatomic correlates in depressed elderly. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 6, 135–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coffey, E. C., Figiel, G. S., Djang, W. T., & Weiner, R. D. (1990). Subcortical hyperintensity on magnetic resonance imaging: A comparison of normal and depressed elderly subjects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 187–189.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Comfort, A. (1974). The biology of senescence (2nd ed.). New York: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conwell, Y., Caine, E. D., & Olsen, K. (1990). Suicide and cancer in late life. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 41, 1334–1338.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Craik, F.I.M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11, 671–684.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craik, F.I.M., & McDowd, J. M. (1987). Age difference in recall and recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, 474–479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Craik, F.I.M., Morris, L W., Morris, R. G., & Loewen, E. R. (1990). Relations between source amnesia and frontal lobe functioning in older adults. Psychology and Aging, 5, 148–151.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, J., & Cohen, H. J. (1984). Aging and neoplasia. Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 4, 3–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cumming, E., Dean, L., Newell, D., & McCaffrey, I. (1960). Disengagement tentative theory of aging. Sociometry, 23, 23–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cummings, J. (1989). Dementia and depression: An evolving enigma. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 1, 236–242.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Curtis, H. (1966). Biological mechanisms of aging. Springfield, IL: Thomas.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Agostino, N. S., Gray, G., & Scanion, C. (1990). Cancer in the older adult: Understanding age-related changes. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 16, 12–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deluty, R. H. (1989). Factors affecting the acceptability of suicide. Omega, 19, 315–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doraiswamy, P. M., Figiel, G. S., Husain, M. M., McDonald, W. M., Shah, S. A., Boyko, O. B., Ellinwood, E. HL., & Krishnan, K.R.R. (1991). Aging of the human corpus collosum: Magnetic resonance imaging in normal volunteers. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 3, 392–297.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, D. A., Funkenstein, H. H., Albert, M. S., Scherr, P. A., Cook, N. R., Chown, M. J., Hebert, L. E., Hennekens, C. H., & Taylor, J. O. (1989). Prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in a community population of older adults. Journal of the American Medical Association, 262, 2551–2556.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fields, R. B. (August, 1991). The effects of head injuries on older adults. Paper presented at the 99th Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco. CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Figiel, G. S., Krishnan, R. R., Doraiswamy, P. M., Rao, V. P., Nemeroff, C. B., & Boyko, O. B. (1991). Subcortical hyperintensities on brain resonance imaging: A comparison between late age onset and early onset elderly depressed subjects. Neurobiology of Aging, 26, 245–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Folstein, M. F., & McHugh, P. R. (1978). Dementia syndrome of depression. In Katzman, R., Terry, R. D., & Bick, K. L (Eds.), Alzheimer’s disease: Senile dementia and related disorders (pp. 281–289). New York: Raven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folstein, M. F., & Rabins, P. V. (1991). Replacing pseudodementia. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology, 4, 36–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gatz, M., & Pearson, C. G. (1988). Ageism revised and the provision of psychological services. American Psychologist, 43, 184–188.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gerard, G., & Weisberg, L A. (1986). MRI periventricular lesions in adults. Neurology, 36, 998–1001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, G. (1983). Normal aging and the concept of dementia. In C. J. Golden & P. J. Vincente (Eds.), Foundations of clinical neuropsychology (pp. 249–271). New York: Plenum Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, G. (1992). Hypertension and cognitive function in the elderly. Medical Progress, 2, 127–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graveley, E. A., & Oseasohn, C. S. (1991). Multiple drug regimens: Medication compliance among veterans 65 years and older. Research in Nursing and Health, 14, 51–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hachinski, V. C., Potter, P., & Merskey, H. (1987). Leuko-araiosis. Archives of Neurology, 44, 21–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, R. P., & Kwentus, J. A. (1987). Psychomotor slowing and subcortical-type dysfunction in depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 50, 1263–1266.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, R. P., Kwentus, J. A., Wade, J. B., & Hamer, R. M. (1987). Digit symbol performance in mild dementia and depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 236–238.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, R. P., Kwentus, J. A., Wade, J. B., & Taylor, J. R. (1988). Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in elderly normal, depressed, and older neuropsychiatric patients. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 2, 49–56.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hasher, L., & Zacks, R. T (1979). Automatic and effortful processes in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 108, 356–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hasse, E. R. (1977). Diseases presenting as dementia. In C. E. Wells (Ed.), Dementia (pp. 27–68). Philadelphia: Davis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayflick, L (1974). The strategy of senescence. Journal of Gerontology, 14, 37–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hendrfcks, J., & Hendricks, C. D. (1986). Aging in mass society: Myths and realities (3rd ed.). Boston: Little, Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendrie, H. C., & Crossett, J.H.W. (1990). An overview of depression in the elderly. Psychiatric Annals, 20, 64–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heyman, A., Wilkinson, W E., Stafford, J. A., Helms, M. J., Sigmon, A. G., & Weinberg, T. (1986). Alzheimer’s disease: A study of epidemiologic aspects. Annals of Neurology, 15, 335–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holden, U. (1984). Head injury and older people. In U. Holden (Ed.), Neuropsychology and aging (pp. 154–176). New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horton, A. M., & Puente, A. E. (1990). Life-span neuropsychology: An overview. In A.M.H. Horton (Ed.), Neuropsychology across the lifespan (pp. 1–15). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horwath, C. C. (1991). Nutrition goals for older adults: A review. Gerontologist, 31, 811–821.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoyer, S. (1990). Brain giucose and energy metabolism during normal aging. Aging, 2, 245–258.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Irvine, M.J. Johnston, D. W., Jenner, D. A., & Marie, G. V. (1986). Relaxation and stress management in the treatment of essential hypertension. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 30, 437–450.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvik, L F. (1991, February). VA and the Alzheimer patient: Projections and partnerships. VA Practitioner, pp. 57-62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jefferson, J. W. (1983). Lithium and affective disorder in the elderly. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 24, 166–178.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jenike, M. (1988). Depression and other psychiatric disorders. In M. S. Albert & M. B. Moss (Eds.), Geriatric neuropsychology (pp. 115–144). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jennett, B. (1982). Head injury in the elderly. In F. I. Caird (Ed.), Neurosurgical disorders in the elderly. Bristol, UK: Wright.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeste, D. V., Gierz, M., & Harris, M. J. (1990). Pseudodementia: Myths and realities. Psychiatric Annals, 20, 71–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaszniak, A. W. (1987). Neuropsychologiacal consultation to geriatricians: Issues in assessment of memory complaints. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 1, 35–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katzman, R. (1976). The prevalence and malignancy of Alzheimer’s disease. Archives of Neurology, 33, 217–218.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katzman, R. (1983). Demography, definitions, and problems. In R. Katzman & R. Terry (Eds.), The neurology of aging (pp. 1–15). Philadelphia: Davis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katzman, R., & Terry R. (1992). Normal aging of the central nervous system. In R. Katzman & J. W. Rowe (Eds.), Principles of geriatric neurology (pp. 18–58). Philadelphia: Davis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khachaturian, Z. S. (1985). Progress of research on Alzheimer’s disease. American Psychologist, 40, 1251–1255.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kilon, L. G. (1961). Pseudo-dementia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 37, 336–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, D. A., & Caine, E. P. (1990). Depression. In J. L. Cummings (Ed.), Subcortical dementia (pp. 218–230). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobari, M., Stirling, M., & Ichijo, M. (1990). Leuko-araiosis, cerebral atrophy, and cerebral perfusion in normal aging. Archives of Neurology, 47, 161–165.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koenig, H. G., Meador, K G., Cohen, H. J., & Blazer, D. G. (1988). Depression in elderly hospitalized patients with medical illness. Archives of Internal Medicine, 148, 1929–1936.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koff, T. (1986, Summer). Nursing home management of Alzheimer’s disease. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Care and Related Disorders, pp. 12-15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraus, J. P., Black, M. A., Hessol, N., Ley, F., Rokaw, W., Sullivan, C., Bowyers, S., Knowlton, S., & Marshall, L (1984). The incidence of acute brain injury and serious impairment in a defined population. American Journal of Epidemiology, 119, 186–201.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnan, K R., Goli, V., Ellinwood, E., France, R. D., Blazer, D. G., & Nemeroff, C. B. (1988). Leukoen-cephalopathy in patients diagnosed as major depressive. Biological Psychiatry, 23, 519–522.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, W. F., Myers, B., Brennan, A. F., Davis, M. H., Lippmann, S. B., Gray, L. A., & Pool, G. E. (1988). Psychopathology in heart transplant candidates. Journal of Heart Transplantation, 7, 223–226.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lavis, V. R. (1981). Psychiatric manifestations of endocrine disease in the elderly. In A. J. Levenson & R.C.W. Hall (Eds.), Neuropsychiatric manifestations of physical disease in the elderly (pp. 59–82). New York: Raven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lebo, D. (1953). Some factors said to make for happiness in old age. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 9, 384–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lechner, H., Schmidt, R., Bertha, G., Justich, E., Offenbacher, H., & Schneider, G. (1987). Nuclear magnetic resonance image white matter lesions and risk factors for stroke in normal individuals. Stroke, 19, 263–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lim, K O., Zipursky, R. B., Murphy, G. M., & Pfefferbaum, A. (1990). In vivo quantification of the limbic system using MRI: Effects of normal aging. Psychiatry Research, 35, 15–26.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lutsky, N. (1980). Attitudes toward old age and elderly persons. Annual Review of Geriatrics, 287-336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Makinodan, T. (1977). Immunity and aging. In C. Finch & L Hayflick (Eds.), Handbook of the biology of aging New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAllister, T. W. (1983). Overview: Pseudodementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 528–533.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitrushina, M., & Satz, P. (1991). Changes in cognitive functioning associated with normal aging. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 6, 49–60.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mittenberg, W., Seidenberg, M., O’Leary, D. S., & Digiulio, D. V (1989). Changes in cerebral functioning associated with normal aging. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 11, 918–932.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Molinari, V. A. (1991). Demographic and psychiatric characteristics of 390 consecutive discharges from a geropsychiatric inpatient ward. Clinical Gerontologist, 10, 35–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mortimer, J. A., French, L. R., Hutton, L R., & Schuman, L M. (1985). Head injury as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology, 35, 264–267.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nasrallah, H. A., Coffman, J. A., & Olson, C. A. (1989). Structural brain imaging findings in affective disorders: An overview. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 1, 21–26.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Health (1991, November). Diagnosis and treatment of depression in late life. Consensus Development Conference Statement, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neugarten, B. L., Havighurst, R. J., & Tobin, S. S. (1968). Personality and patterns of aging. In B. L. Neugarten (Ed.), Middle age and aging (pp. 173–177). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niederehe, G. (1986). Depression and memory impairment in the aged. In L W. Poon (Ed.), Clinical memory assessment of older adults (pp. 226–237). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, J. F., Thompson, T., & Robinson, J. D. (1989). Communication and aging. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, P. D. (1994). Pseudodementia: A slow death. Neuropsychology Review, 4, 71–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, P. D., & Goldstein, G. (1992). Neuropsychological sequelae of cardiac transplantation: A preliminary review. Clinical Psychology Review, 12, 475–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nussbaum, P. D., Kaszniak, A. W., Allender, J., & Rapcsak, S. (1995). Depression and cognitive decline in the elderly: A follow-up study. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 9, 101–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connell, R. A., Van Heertum, R. I., Billick, S. B., Holt, A. R., Gonzalez, A., Notardonato, H., Luck, D., & King, L. N. (1989). Single photon emission computed tomography with IMP in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 1, 145–153.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parette, H. P., Hourcade, J. J., & Parette, P. C. (1990). Nursing attitudes toward geriatric alcoholism. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 16, 26–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parmelee, P. A., Katz, I. R., & Lawton, M. P. (1989). Depression among institutionalized aged: Assessment and prevalence estimation. Journal of Gerontology, 44, 22–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, K. L., Engel, B. T., & Burton, J. R. (1989). Behavioral treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly. Biofeedback and Self Regulation, 14, 207–217.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pearlman, R. A., & Uhlmann, R. F. (1988). Quality of life in chronic diseases: Perceptions of elderly patients. Journal of Gerontology, 43, M25–M3O.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, D. A. (1986). Extent of gerontology instructions in American institutions of higher education. Educational Gerontology, 12, 519–530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rabins, P., Pauker, S., & Thomas, J. (1984). Can schizophrenia begin after age 44? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 25, 290–293.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raskin, A., Friedman, A. S., & DiMascio, A. (1982). Cognitive and performance deficits in depression. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 18, 196–202.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reifler, B. V. (1982). Arguments for abandoning the term pseudodementia. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 30, 665–668.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C. F., Hoch, C. C., Kupfer, D. J., Buysse, D. J., Houck, P. R., Stack, J. A., & Campbell, D. W. (1988). Bedside differentiation of depressive pseudodementia from dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 1099–1103.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rinn, W. E. (1988). Mental decline in normal aging: A review. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 1, 144–158.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reisberg, J., & Berglund, M. (1987). Cerebral blood flow and metabolism in alcoholics. In O. A. Parsons, N. Butters, & P. E. Nathan (Eds.), Neuropsycho logy of alcoholism: Implications for diagnosis and treatment (pp. 64–75). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, R. G. (1987). Depression and stroke. Psychiatric Annals, 17, 731–740.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, R. G., Morris, P.L.P., & Fedoroff, J. P. (1990). Depression and cerebrovascular disease. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 51, 26–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roose, S. P., Dalack, G. W., & Woodring, S. (1991). Death, depression, and heart disease. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 52, 34–39.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, G. M. (1981). Neuropsychiatric manifestations of cardiovascular disease in the elderly. In A. J. Levinson & R.C.W. Hall (Eds.), Neuropsychiatric manifestations of physical disease in the elderly (pp. 29–40). New York: Raven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosse, R. B., Ciolino, C. P., & Gurel, L (1986). Utilization of psychiatric consultation with an elderly medically ill inpatient population in a VA hospital. Military Medicine, 151, 583–586.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L (1987). Human aging: Usual and unusual. Science, 237, 143–149.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, J. W., & Katzman, R. (1992). Principles of geriatrics as applied to neurology. In R. Katzman & J. W. Rowe (Eds.), Principles of geriatric neurology (pp. 3–17). Philadelphia: Davis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruegg, R. G., Zisook, S., & Swerdlow, N. R. (1988). Depression in the aged: an overview. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 11, 83–99.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rutledge, M. E. (1990, September). Adult day health care: An up-and-coming necessity. VA Practitioner, pp. 69-74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Satin, D. G. (1986). The future of geriatric and interdisciplinary education. Educational Gerontology, 12, 549–561.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savageau, J. A., Stanton, B., Jenkins, & Klein, M. D. (1982). Neuropsychological dysfunction following elective cardiac operation: I. Early assessment. Journal of Thoracic Cardiovascular Surgery, 84, 585–594.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schacter, D. L., Kasniak, A. W., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1991). Models of memory and the understanding of memory disorders. In T. Yanagihara & R. C. Petersen (Eds.), Memory disorders: Research and clinical practice (pp. 111–134). New York: Marcel Dekker.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schacter, D. L., Kaszniak, A. W., Kihlstrom, J. F., & Valdiserri, M. (1991). The relation between source memory and aging. Psychology and Aging, 6, 559–568.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, R., Fazekas, F., Offenbacher, H., Lytwyn, H., Blematl, B., Niederkorn, K., Horner, S., Payer, F., & Friedl, W. (1991). Magnetic resonance imaging white matter lesions and cognitive impairment in hypertensive individuals. Archives of Neurology, 48, 417–420.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, T. G. (1987). Alcohol and brain function: An appraisal of cerebral blood flow. In O. A. Parsons, N. Butters, & P. E. Nathan (Eds.), Neuropsychology of alcoholism: Implications for diagnosis and treatment (pp. 129–154). New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shock, N. (1977). Biological theories of aging. In J. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shraberg, D. (1978). The myth of pseudodementia: Depression and the aging brain. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 601–603.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shraberg, D. (1980). Questioning the concept of pseudodementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 260.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, A. (1980). The neuroses, personality disorders, alcoholism, drug use and misuse, and crime in the aged. In J. E. Birren & R. B. Sloane (Eds.), Handbook of mental health and aging (pp. 653–670). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smyer, M. A., Zarit, S. H., & Quails, S. H. (1990). Psychological intervention with the aging individual. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 375–404). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Squire, L R. (1987). Memory and brain. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Starkstein, S. E., Bryer, J. B., Berthier, M. L., Cohen, B., Price, T., & Robinson, R. G. (1991). Depression after stroke: The importance of cerebral hemisphere asymmetries. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 3, 276–285.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steingart, A., Hachinski, V. C., Lau, C., Fox, A. J., Diaz, F., Cape, R., Lee, D., Inzitari, D., & Merskey, H. (1987). Cognitive and neurologic findings in subjects with diffuse white matter lucencies on computed tomographic scan. Archives of Neurology, 44, 32–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Storandt, M. (1977). Graduate education in gerontological psychology: Results of a survey. Educational Gerontology, 2, 141–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoudemire, A., Hill, C., Gulley, L R., & Morris, R. (1989). Neuropsychological and biomedical assessment of depression-dementia syndromes. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 1, 347–361.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, P., Pary, R., Telang, F., Rifai, A. H., & Zubenko, G. S. (1990). Risk factors for white matter changes detected by magnetic resonance imaging in the elderly. Stroke, 21, 1424–1428.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tobin, S. S., & Neugarten, B. L. (1961). Life satisfaction and social interaction in aging. Journal of Gerontology, 16, 344–346.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tomlinson, B. E., Blessed, G., & Roth, M. (1970). Observations on the brains of demented old people. Journal of Neurological Science, 11, 205–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United States Bureau of the Census. (1981). Facts about older Americans. DHHS Publication No. 81-200006. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdois, S., Yves, J., Poissant, A., Ska, B., & Dehaut, F. (1990). Heterogeneity in the cognitive profiles of the elderly. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 12, 587–598.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Villardita, G., Cultrera, S., Cupone, V., & Mejia, R. (1985). Neuropsychological test performance and normal aging. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 4, 311–319.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wedding, D., & Cody, S. (1990). Neurological disorders in the elderly. In A. M. Horton (Ed.), Neuropsychology across the life span (pp. 65–80). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weingartner, H. (1986). Automatic and effortful demanding cognitive processes in depression. In L. W. Poon (Ed.), Clinical memory assessment of older adults (pp. 218–225). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, C. (1979). Pseudodementia. A merican Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 895–900.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetle, T., & Levkoff, S. E. (1984). Attitudes and behaviors of service providers toward elder patients in the VA system. In T. Wetle & J. W. Rowe (Eds.), Older veterans: Linking VA and community resources (pp. 205–230). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williamson, P. C., Mersky, H., Morrison, S., Rabheru, K., Fox, H., Wands, K., Wong, C., & Hachinski, V. (1990). Quantitative electroencephalographic correlates of cognitive decline in normal elderly subjects. Archives of Neurology, 47, 1185–1188.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, P. A., Kannel, W. B., & Verter, J. (1984). Cerebrovascular diseases in the elderly: Epidemiology. In M. L. Albert (Ed.), Clinical neurology of aging (pp. 458–477). New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe, N., Linn, R., Babikian, V. L., Knoefel, J. E., & Albert, M. L (1990). Frontal systems impairment following multiple lacunar infarcts. Archives of Neurology, 47, 129–132.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfson, L., & Katzman, R. (1992). The neurological consultation at age 80. II: Some specific disorders observed in the elderly. In R. Katzman & J. W. Rowe (Eds), Principles of geriatric neurology (pp. 339–351). Philadelphia: Davis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Younger, S. G., Clark, D. C., Lindroth, R. O., & Stein, R. J. (1990). Availability of knowledge informants for a psychological autopsy study of suicides committed by elderly people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 38, 1169–1175.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zubenko, G. S., Sullivan, P., Nelson, J. P., Belle, S. H., Huff, J., & Wolf, G. L (1990). Brain imaging abnormalities in mental disorders of late life. Archives of Neurology, 47, 1107–1111.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nussbaum, P.D. (1995). Aging. In: Goreczny, A.J. (eds) Handbook of Health and Rehabilitation Psychology. Springer Series in Rehabilitation and Health. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1028-8_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1028-8_28

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-1030-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-1028-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics