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Invariances in Pattern Recognition

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Visuomotor Coordination

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Abstract

Humans and animals can recognize objects independent of object position in the visual field, largely independent of viewing angle and distance, and even independent of considerable variations in object shape. For object classification in the visual system, a comparison of sensory information with data in memory is required. Due to the large number of possible retinal pictures that can represent members of the same object class and even one individual object, such comparison is only feasible if an efficient object description can be generated that is object specific and invariant to changes in “non-essential” parameters. Of particular interest for models of invariance operations in the CNS are shift-invariant transforms. Shift-invariance is a primary invariance and other invariances can be derived from it. Size- and rotation-invariance, e.g., can be realized via a shift-invariance mechanism in combination with a logarithmic polar coordinate transform. With some approximations, the mapping of visual space to area 17 in the visual cortex of primates can be described by a logarithmic polar coordinate transform. Models of size-invariant processing in the CNS based on this mapping function have been proposed. In this paper, concepts for the generation of shift-, size-, and rotation-invariant pattern representations in the visual system are discussed, and a critical evaluation of their advantages, drawbacks, and neurophysiological implications will be given. Particularly, the paper will focus on two basic problems: (a) Neural networks are not well suited to perform exact arithmetic operations, as required in many models. A shift-invariant transform will be described that puts minimal demands on the neural transfer function. (b) Invariance operations generally require that the object has been separated from the background. Our model of region labeling via correlated neural activities preserves individual object contributions in composite pattern transforms, and is thus able to cope with the problem of figure/ground separation.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Angewandte Physik und Biophysik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-3550, Marburg, FR Germany

    Herbert J. Reitboeck

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  1. Herbert J. Reitboeck
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Kassel, Kassel, Federal Republic of Germany

    Jörg-Peter Ewert

  2. University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Michael A. Arbib

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Reitboeck, H.J. (1989). Invariances in Pattern Recognition. In: Ewert, JP., Arbib, M.A. (eds) Visuomotor Coordination. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0897-1_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0897-1_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4899-0899-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4899-0897-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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